Leaching of Malachite Ore in NH₃-Saturated Water

Abstract

In this study, the leaching kinetics of malachite [CuCO 3 ‚Cu(OH) 2 ], an oxidized copper ore, was investigated in water saturated with ammonia gas. In the experiments, the ammonia concentration of the solution, the particle size of the ore, the temperature, the stirring speed, and the solid-to-liquid ratio were chosen as parameters. It was determined that the leaching rate of malachite increased with decreasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio and increasing reaction temperature, ammonia concentration, and stirring speed. The leaching kinetics was examined by statistical methods applied to the experimental data. It was found that the leaching rate fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an activation energy of 85.16 kJ‚mol -1 .

Leaching of Copper from Malachite with Methane-sulfonic Acid

“…As an important nonferrous metal, copper is widely applied in the electrical and electronics industries, the rolling industry, communication, aviation industries, and the chemical industry because of its excellent physical and chemical properties [1,2]. In previous years, copper was primarily smelted from copper sulfide minerals after being separated from gangue minerals by beneficiation methods [3][4][5].…”

A comprehensive study of the leaching behavior and dissolution kinetics of copper oxide ore in sulfuric acid lixiviant

“…[1][2][3][4][5]. The copper produced from sulfide and oxide copper ores is extracted through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, respectively.…”

“…Researches on leaching behavior and kinetics of copper oxide ores have been extensively conducted by different lixiviants including mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 [7,[9][10][11]; organic acids such as citric acid and lactic acid [11][12][13]; chlorine [14], ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts including ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium citrate and ammonium acetate, etc. (2,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and alkaline glycine solutions [25].…”

A New Heterotrophic Strain for Bioleaching of Low Grade Complex Copper Ore

“…Ammonia has been extensively used as an effective lixiviant in copper leaching [11,12]. Ammonia leaching can solve the corrosion problems encountered in the acidic systems and extract copper from ore selectively, leaving undesired components in the residue [9].…”