Leaching of biomass from semi-natural grasslands – Effects on chemical composition and ash high-temperature behaviour

Tonn, Bettina; Thumm, Ulrich; Lewandowski, Iris; Claupein, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.11.014

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Si was typically found to increase or decrease slightly, but with high removal of K the slagging tendency will fall accordingly. Tonn et al [29] investigated the efficacy of leaching of two types of biomass: dry calcareous grass (Mesobromium) and hay meadow (Arrhenatherion). Their work reported an average 63% reduction for K and 82% for Cl after 120 min of leaching, while Si was found to increase by 10% over the same period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Ravichandran¹,

Gibb²,

Corscadden³

2013

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Agricultural biomass presents a promising feedstock, which may contribute to a transition to low carbon fuels. A significant amount of research has identified a number of challenges when combusting agricultural feedstock, related primarily to energy value, ash, emissions, corrosion and combustion characteristics. The mitigation of such challenges can be addressed more cost effectively when dealing with large or utility scale combustion. The costs associated with harvesting, conversion, transportation and ultimately, market development all create additional roadblocks for the creation of an agricultural biomass industry. Nova Scotia, an Eastern Canadian province, has significant land resources, however it is prone to wet spring and as yet does not have a supply chain established for such an industry. The main components of supply, processing and conversion and demand simply do not yet exist. This research addresses one aspect of this supply chain by attempting to develop a fuel suitable for a) existing markets (local residential wood and wood pellet stoves and b) a scale that will support industry engagement. The outcomes of this research have determined that such a venture is possible and presents empirical preprocessing conditions to achieve a competitive agricultural fuel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Ravichandran¹,

Gibb²,

Corscadden³

2013

JSBS

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“…Feedstock mineral composition varies considerably among species [112] and can also be managed by the timing of grass harvest and baling [113]. While delayed baling or overwintering (spring harvest) of the crop can result in significant leaching loss of certain elements [114], these practices come with the risks of yield loss and increased feedstock contamination with soil which may offset any benefits resulting from the delayed harvest. Research is underway to modify grass biomass composition to minimize potential corrosion and clinkering, and thus make the feedstocks suitable for a wider range of appliances.…”

Section: Feedstock Quality and Post-harvest Feedstock Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untapped Potential: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Bioenergy Production from Marginal Lands in the Northeast USA

et al. 2014

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Over two million hectares of marginal land in the Northeast USA no longer used for agriculture may be suitable and available for production of second-generation cellulosic bioenergy crops, offering the potential for increased regional bioenergy production without competing with food production on prime farmland. Current yields of perennial bioenergy grasses and short-rotation woody crops range from 2.3 to 17.4 and 4.5 to 15.5 Mg/ha, respectively, and there is great potential for increased yields. Regional advantages for bioenergy development include abundant water resources, close proximity between production and markets, and compatibility of bioenergy cropping systems with existing agriculture. As New York and New England (a subset of the Northeast region) account for~85 % of the nation's heating oil consumption, production of bioheat, biopower, and combined heat and power could substantially reduce the region's dependence on imported petroleum. While numerous grassroots efforts are underway in the region across supply chains, bioenergy development faces several challenges and unknowns in terms of environmental impact, production, yields, socioeconomics, and policy. We explore the opportunities for second-generation bioenergy production on the unused marginal lands of the Northeast USA and discuss the challenges to be addressed to promote sustainable bioenergy production on the region's underutilized marginal land base.

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“…Table 1. Ash fusion classes and ash fusion temperature along with microscopic observations (source: Tonn et al, 2012).…”

Section: Contents Of Ash and Inorganic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the ash melting behavior during combustion process, the method was adopted from Tonn et al, (2012). Briefly, 100 mg ash samples were transferred to ceramic combustion boats (Lab Logistics group GmbH, Meckenheim, Germany) and subjected to four different combustion temperature treatments (800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C) for two hours in an electric muffle furnace.…”

Section: Ash Melting Behavior During Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After two hours, the combustion boats were transferred into an exicator to allow them to cool down before microscopic analysis. Each sample was analyzed under a stereo microscope (Zeiss Stemi 2000-C, Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) at magnifications up to 40 × and classified into one out of four ash-fusion classes (AFC) (Table 1) as described by Tonn et al (2012).…”

Section: Ash Melting Behavior During Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targets and tools for optimizing lignocellulosic biomass quality of miscanthus

Weijde¹

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Evaluation of Miscanthus sinensis biomass quality as feedstock for conversion into different bioenergy products 95 Chapter 5Stability of cell wall composition and saccharification efficiency in Miscanthus across diverse environments 125 Chapter 6Dissecting genetic complexity of miscanthus cell wall composition and biomass quality for biofuels 149 Chapter 7Impact of drought stress on growth and quality of miscanthus for biofuel production 179 Chapter 8 General Discussion 205Acknowledgements 223 About the author 227 List of publications 228Overview of training activities 229 SummaryMiscanthus is a perennial energy grass characterized by a high productivity and resource-use efficiency, making it an ideal biomass feedstock for the production of cellulosic biofuels and a wide range of other biobased value-chains. However, the large-scale commercialization of converting biomass into cellulosic biofuel is hindered by our inability to efficiently deconstruct the plant cell wall. The plant cell wall is a complex and dynamic structure and its components are extensively cross-linked into an unyielding matrix. The production of biofuel depends on the extraction, hydrolysis and fermentation of cell wall polysaccharides, which currently requires energetically and chemically intensive processing operations that negatively affect the economic viability and sustainability of the industry. To address this challenge it is envisioned that the bioenergy feedstocks can be compositionally tailored to increase the accessibility and extractability of cell wall polysaccharides, which would allow a more efficient conversion of biomass into biofuel under milder processing conditions.Extensive phenotypic and genetic diversity in cell wall composition and conversion efficiency was observed in different miscanthus species, including M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus and interspecific hybrids between these two species. In multiple experiments a twofold increase in the release of fermentable sugars was observed in 'high quality' accessions compared to 'low quality' accessions. The exhaustive characterization of eight highly diverse M. sinensis genotypes revealed novel and distinct breeding targets for different bioenergy conversion routes. The key traits that contributed favourably to the conversion efficiency of biomass into biofuel were a high content of hemicellulosic polysaccharides, extensive cross-linking of hemicellulosic polysaccharides (revealed by a high content of trans-ferulic acids and a high ratio of arabinose-to-xylose), a low lignin content and extensive incorporation of paracoumaric acid into the lignin polymer.Lignin is widely recognized as one of the key factors conveying recalcitrance against enzymatic deconstruction of the cell wall. The incorporation of para-coumaric acid into the lignin polymer is hypothesized to make lignin more easily degradable during alkaline pretreatment, one of the most widely applied processing methods that is used to pretreat biomass prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Previous studies have shown that red...

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Leaching of biomass from semi-natural grasslands – Effects on chemical composition and ash high-temperature behaviour

Cited by 45 publications

References 46 publications

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Controlled Batch Leaching Conditions for Optimal Upgrading of Agricultural Biomass

Untapped Potential: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Bioenergy Production from Marginal Lands in the Northeast USA

Targets and tools for optimizing lignocellulosic biomass quality of miscanthus

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