Leaching losses from Kenyan maize cropland receiving different rates of nitrogen fertilizer

Russo, T. A.; Tully, Katherine L.; Palm, Cheryl; Neill, Christopher

doi:10.1007/s10705-017-9852-z

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Hydrologic separation of water used by plants from water that rapidly passes through soils to groundwater is likely widespread 48 – 50 . This has also been observed on Kenyan Oxisols, where lysimeters fail to sample most soil solution that drains rapidly through the soil macropores 51 , 52 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Deep soils modify environmental consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon agriculture

Jankowski

Neill

Davidson

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Agricultural intensification offers potential to grow more food while reducing the conversion of native ecosystems to croplands. However, intensification also risks environmental degradation through emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrate leaching to ground and surface waters. Intensively-managed croplands and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use are expanding rapidly in tropical regions. We quantified fertilizer responses of maize yield, N2O emissions, and N leaching in an Amazon soybean-maize double-cropping system on deep, highly-weathered soils in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Application of N fertilizer above 80 kg N ha−1 yr−1 increased maize yield and N2O emissions only slightly. Unlike experiences in temperate regions, leached nitrate accumulated in deep soils with increased fertilizer and conversion to cropping at N fertilization rates >80 kg N ha−1, which exceeded maize demand. This raises new questions about the capacity of tropical agricultural soils to store nitrogen, which may determine when and how much nitrogen impacts surface waters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Deep soils modify environmental consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon agriculture

Jankowski

Neill

Davidson

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…T he invention of the Haber–Bosch process in the 20th century exponentially increased the production and consumption of synthetic N fertilizers, enabling global food production to support >7 billion people worldwide (Erisman et al, 2008). However, the inefficient use of fertilizer N leads to negative environmental consequences (Thapa et al, 2016; Russo et al, 2017; Thapa and Chatterjee, 2017). For example, excessive use of fertilizer N and the inability to precisely estimate N mineralization from previous crop residues and organic matter results in surplus N that can be lost to the environment after cash crop harvest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover Crops Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Agroecosystems:A Global Meta‐Analysis

Thapa¹,

2018

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Cover crops are well recognized as a tool to reduce NO3− leaching from agroecosystems. However, their effectiveness varies from site to site and year to year depending on soil, cash and cover crop management, and climate. We conducted a meta‐analysis using 238 observations from 28 studies (i) to assess the overall effect of cover crops on NO3− leaching and subsequent crop yields, and (ii) to examine how soil, cash and cover crop management, and climate impact the effect of non‐leguminous cover crops on NO3− leaching. There is a clear indication that nonleguminous cover crops can substantially reduce NO3− leaching into freshwater systems, on average by 56%. Nonlegume–legume cover crop mixtures reduced NO3− leaching as effectively as nonlegumes, but significantly more than legumes. The lack of variance information in most published literature prevents greater insight into the degree to which cover crops can improve water quality. Among the factors investigated, we identified cover crop planting dates, shoot biomass, and precipitation relative to long‐term mean precipitation as potential drivers for the observed variability in nonleguminous cover crop effectiveness in reducing NO3− leaching. We found evidence indicating greater reduction in NO3− leaching with nonleguminous cover crops on coarse‐textured soils and during years of low precipitation (<90% of the long‐term normal). Earlier fall planting and greater nonleguminous shoot biomass further reduced NO3− leaching. Overall, this meta‐analysis confirms many prior studies showing that nonleguminous cover crops are an effective way to reduce NO3− leaching and should be integrated into cropping systems to improve water quality. Core Ideas Nonleguminous cover crops reduced NO3− leaching by 56% over no cover crop controls. Nonlegume–legume mixtures reduced NO3− leaching equivalent to nonlegumes, but significantly more than legumes. Cover crop planting date, shoot biomass, and precipitation affected nonlegume effects on NO3− leaching. Nonlegumes reduced NO3− leaching more effectively on coarse‐textured soils and in drier years. Earlier planting dates and greater shoot biomass enhanced NO3− leaching reductions with nonlegumes.

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“…The fertilizer application has increased plant yields in the world and combatted against hunger. However, if excessive fertilizer application does not improve crop yield, they have negative effects on the environment and public health [8]. Excessive nitrogen fertilization causes the accumulation of significant amounts of nitrogen in the soil.…”

Section: The Nitrogen Fertilizers Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a situation for the environment and economy is undesirable [9]. The nitrogen uptake by plants and losses from soil depends on soil texture, soil mineralogy, crop type, tillage method, climate, irrigations, nitrogen fertilizer type, application timing, rate, and method [8], in addition to, nitrogen fertilizer losses also depend on the rate of application, pH, moisture, temperature, reactions of nitrification and denitrification and soil microorganisms [10].…”

Section: The Nitrogen Fertilizers Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The great amount of nitrogen in the agroecosystem can increase concentration in surface and groundwater, which causes algal blooms, fish kills, and risk to public health. Moreover, nitrates in drinking water are harmful to infants, pregnant women, and a particular population with hereditary blood diseases [8]. Climate warming and acid deposition together may increase ultraviolet penetration in water.…”

Section: The Fertilizer Effects On Ecosystems and Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Losing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Living Organism and Ecosystem, and Prevention Approaches of their Harmful Effect

Hashimi

2020

ASRJ

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The world’s population is drastically increasing; therefore, an enormous amount of nitrogen and other fertilizers are used to produce enough food for their feeding. Furthermore, since the applied nitrogen amount is not completely absorbed by plants, its big proportion is released to the environment in different ways. The released nitrogen amount damages both humans’ health and the environment. Some technical and agronomical techniques help to minimize the loss of this nitrogen. The fertilizer's loss not only affects farmers' economic condition, but their effects are integrated. Nitrogen fertilizers pollute water, soil, air, as well as our foods. Leaching nitrate can cause eutrophication in sea, lakes, and water bodies. This condition poses a big threat to the lives of fish and other aquatic organisms. It also causes various diseases in humans such as blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and others. For instance, Nitrate-N (NO3-N) leads to the blue baby syndrome, carcinoma, and other diseases in humans. NO3-N leaching stimulates the growth of blue-green algae and creates hypoxic zones in the water. Moreover, cyanobacteria produce toxins that affect the liver`, kidney, brain, skin, and other parts of the human body, as well as cause complicated diseases. Ammonia and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rains and have adverse effects on ecosystems. Nitrous oxides (N₂O) deplete the ozone layer, a layer that prevents harmful rays from reaching the earth. N₂O contributes extremely to global warming due to its potentiality. Although Nitrogen fertilizers have contributed to produce high yields in the world, their excessive application has created different problems in our environment. To reduce nitrogen leaching, some agronomical, technical, and other practices are required to be used in the large and small farming system.

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Leaching losses from Kenyan maize cropland receiving different rates of nitrogen fertilizer

Cited by 45 publications

References 68 publications

Deep soils modify environmental consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon agriculture

Deep soils modify environmental consequences of increased nitrogen fertilizer use in intensifying Amazon agriculture

Cover Crops Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Agroecosystems:A Global Meta‐Analysis

Effect of Losing Nitrogen Fertilizers on Living Organism and Ecosystem, and Prevention Approaches of their Harmful Effect

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