Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements from Fire Clay Seam Coal

Yang, Xinbo; Honaker, R.Q.

doi:10.3390/min10060491

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…If leaching rate was controlled by the chemical reaction, the integral rate equation was Equation ( 4). If leaching rate was controlled by the step of diffusion through solid layer around the unreacted core, the integral rate equation was Equation (5). If leaching rate was governed by the interfacial transfer and diffusion through the product layer, the integral rate equation was Equation (6).…”

Section: Fast Reaction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monazite ((RE)PO 4 ), bastnaesite ((RE)FCO 3 ), ion adsorption clays (e.g., illite (K,H)Al 2 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 •nH 2 O), montmorillonite ((Ca,Na,H)(Al,Mg,Fe,Zn) 2 (Si, Al) 4 O 10 (OH) 2 •nH 2 O), kaolinite (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ), etc. ), loparite ((RE)(Ti,Nb,Ta,Fe)O 3 ), and xenotime (YPO 4 ) are the most economically significant source of REEs [3][4][5]. However, the exploration and processing of secondary sources of REEs has attracted great interest because of the increasing demand for REEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Xie

Deng

et al. 2021

Metals

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Phosphate rock has been considered as one of the most significant secondary rare-earth resource, and the utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) in phosphate rock has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the leaching kinetics of REEs from a phosphate ore from China was studied with the variation of temperature and phosphoric acid concentration under the conditions: ratio of liquid to solid of 12 mL/g, stirring speed of 120 r/min, and phosphate particle size of −0.074 mm amounts 61.1%. The results suggest that there were two distinct stages in leaching process and kinetics of both stages followed shrinking core model. At fast reaction stage, the semi-empirical equation describing the kinetics was 1 − 3(1 − α)2/3 + 2(1 − α) = 1.885CH3PO40.89exp(−11220/8.31T)t. The semi-empirical equation for slow reaction stage was 1 − 3(1 − α)2/3 + 2(1 − α) = 0.299CH3PO42.50exp(−18720/8.31T)t. Using shrinking core model and time-to-a-given-fraction method, we found that leaching rate of fast reaction stage was controlled by solid product layer diffusion, and both solid product layer diffusion and chemical reaction determined slow reaction stage.

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Section: Fast Reaction Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Xie

Deng

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…Many authors assume that heterogeneous reaction kinetics for most of the metal's extraction process can be interpreted by using shrinking models. Of these, the shrinking core model (SCM) is the most used model for describing the kinetics in leaching processes [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In this case, the following steps are identified during the leaching: diffusion of the leaching agent through the thin liquid film surrounding the particle, diffusion of the leaching agent through the solid product layer, and reaction on the surface of the unreacted core.…”

Section: Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Leaching of La and Ce from Ferrocarbonatite-Related REE Ores

Tamayo-Soriano,

Soria-Aguilar,

Picazo-Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Rare earth elements comprise a group of 17 chemically similar elements, which increases the difficulty of separating them by traditional methods. For this reason, hydrometallurgy has been the most used method. However, it is important to evaluate the efficiency of the leaching processes used because, in addition to depending on the operating parameters of the leaching, they also depend on the mineralogical composition of the sample. In the present work, the extraction of Ce and La contained in the ferrocarbonatite mineral from the north of Mexico was studied. For the leaching tests, several leaching agents were used (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and H3PO4 in different concentrations (0.5 [M], 1 [M], 1.5 [M]) and the temperature was modified to 20, 40, and 60 °C. A maximum recovery of 70% for Ce and La was obtained using HCl 1M in 4 h. The results of the kinetic study of the experiments showed that the best fitting model according to these kinetic models was the SCM controlled by a chemical reaction.

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“…According to the elemental compositions shown in Figure 6B, the TREE/P of the synthesized florencite was calculated to be around 2.1, which is close to the criterion of 2.0. Crandallitegroup minerals have a general chemical formula of RAl 3 (PO 4 )(OH) 5 , where R is REEs, Ca, Sr, and Ba for florencite, crandallite, goyazite, and gorceixite, respectively [34] . The TREE/P of florencite should be greater than that of the other REE-bearing crandallite-group minerals because R in the other crandallite-group minerals is primarily Ca, Sr, Ba, etc.…”

Section: Mineralogy Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal-based materials, including coal, coal waste, coal combustion ash, and acid coal mine drainage, have been documented as promising sources of rare earth elements (REEs) [1][2][3][4][5] . Many studies have been conducted in recent years to recover REEs from coal-based materials due to the supply risk and criticality of REEs to the clean energy industry [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali pretreatment effects on acid leaching recovery of rare earth elements from coal waste of the Western Kentucky No. 13 and Fire Clay seams

Li¹,

Ji²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

Miner Miner Mater

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The recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from the Western Kentucky No. 13 and Fire Clay coal wastes was enhanced by alkali pretreatment with concentrated NaOH solutions. The enhancements in the recovery of light REEs (LREEs) are more significant than those of heavy REEs (HREEs). For example, after treating with 5 M NaOH at 90 °C, the recovery of LREEs from the Western Kentucky No. 13 coal waste increased from 26% to 71%, while the recovery of HREEs only increased from 29% to 41%. Based on mineralogical studies through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses, two mechanisms were proposed to explain the positive effect of alkali pretreatment: (1) decomposition of rare earth minerals (primarily crandallite-group minerals) during the alkali pretreatment, and (2) liberation of encapsulated REE-bearing particles due to the enhanced dissolution of clay minerals. The more significant enhancements in the recovery of LREEs were explained by the fact that the REEs comprised in the crandallite-group minerals were mainly LREEs. Compared with zircon, monazite, and xenotime, alkali pretreatment with 5 M NaOH led to a more significant decomposition of crandallite-group minerals. In order to further increase the recovery of REEs, particularly HREEs, harsher alkali treatment conditions are required.

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Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements from Fire Clay Seam Coal

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock

Acid Leaching of La and Ce from Ferrocarbonatite-Related REE Ores

Alkali pretreatment effects on acid leaching recovery of rare earth elements from coal waste of the Western Kentucky No. 13 and Fire Clay seams

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