Leaching behaviors of copper and arsenic from high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrates by oxygen-rich sulfuric acid leaching at atmospheric pressure

Yang, Wei; Qian, Long; Jin, Bingjie; Feng, Qing; Li, Lei; He, Kunyun; Yang, Jinlei

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107358

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the era of industrial growth and development, enterprises involved in the processing of copper-arsenic raw materials are striving to modernize and optimize their technological processes. They make significant efforts to introduce more sophisticated and effective methods such as acid leaching [3][4][5][6], ammonia leaching [7], alkaline methods [8][9][10], bioleaching [11], and alternative methods [12][13][14][15]. However, all these innovations carry certain difficulties with them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Copper Concentrate from Arsenic under Autoclave Conditions

Karimov,

Dizer,

Tretiak

et al. 2024

Metals

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This study presents the results of a two-stage autoclave processing of a copper–arsenic concentrate. Copper concentrate is an important raw material to produce copper and other metals. However, in some cases, the concentrate may contain increased amounts of arsenic, which makes further processing difficult. Therefore, the development of modern hydrometallurgical methods for processing copper concentrate with a high arsenic content is an urgent task, which could lead to the optimization of the raw material processing process and the improvement of the quality of the concentrate. It has been established that the optimal conditions for the sequential two-stage autoclave processing of copper–arsenic concentrate are: t = 220–225 °C, τoxidation = 20 min, τtot = 90 min, Po2 = 0.4 MPa, and L:S = 10:1, [H2SO4]initial = 40 g/dm3; in this case, 85% of zinc, 44% of iron, and 78% of arsenic, respectively, are extracted into the solution during both stages and the loss of copper was about 0.01%. This is explained by the fact that at the first stage (oxidation) of the autoclave processing of the copper–arsenic concentrate, copper, together with iron, leaches into the solution, and at the second stage (reduction), copper precipitates out of the solution in the form of chalcocite. Copper in the residue after autoclave leaching is in the form of Cu2S, iron is in the form of pyrite (FeS2), and lead is in the form of anglesite (PbSO4), respectively. The obtained micrographs and EDX mappings clearly show no iron arsenates. This confirms that at the oxidative stage of the developed process, arsenic, removed by 78%, remains in the solution. The remaining arsenic is associated with tennantite, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment process in removing arsenic from the copper–arsenic concentrate. A second important observation is the presence of pronounced areas of copper sulfides in the microphotos without iron and arsenic impurities. This confirms that copper is deposited as chalcocite during the reduction phase of the process, which is the desired result.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of Copper Concentrate from Arsenic under Autoclave Conditions

Karimov,

Dizer,

Tretiak

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…This is due to the formation of a layer on the mineral surface that inhibits the reaction and thus prevents the dissolution of the mineral. In response to this, several authors are studying the dissolution of sulfide minerals in ammoniacal media (Aracena et al [11]), acids with the presence of chloride (Phuong et al [12]), activated carbon (Fazel et al [13]), oxygen (Yang et al [14]), and pyrite (Ruiz et al [15]), among others. On an industrial scale, the primary alternatives focus on pressure leaching (utilized in Chile by Codelco) and chloride media methods (such as Cuprochlor, Outotec Hydrocopper, and the Intex Process).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pretreatment on a Copper Concentrate with High Arsenic Content

Quezada,

Villagrán,

Calisaya-Azpilcueta

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Chilean mining faces challenges associated with the depletion of oxidized copper ore and the environmental complexity of treating concentrates with high arsenic content. Given this, hydrometallurgy emerges as an alternative for the treatment of these concentrates. This research analyzes the interaction of sulfuric acid (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg/t), sodium chloride (0, 25, 50, and 100 kg/t), curing time (1, 5, 10, and 15 days), and temperature (25, 35, 50, and 75 °C) in the pretreatment of a copper concentrate with 35.57% total copper and 5.91% arsenic (enargite, 35.93%). In the pretreatment, a maximum copper extraction of 26.71% is achieved using 210 kg/t sulfuric acid at 50 °C over 15 days of curing. The experimental results are analyzed through an empirical model, where the interaction between sulfuric acid and curing time is identified as beneficial when the sulfuric acid addition is above 70 kg/t, leading to higher moisture content in the sample. In the absence of sulfuric acid, sodium chloride significantly influences the achievement of higher copper extractions. During curing at higher temperatures, the importance of maintaining a moisture level is emphasized to prevent solution evaporation and hinder diffusion through the particles, thereby ensuring reactivity in the sample.

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“…With the high-quality copper concentrates exhausted worldwide, the content of arsenic in the copper concentrates is increasing continuously [11]. If arsenic is not handled properly in copper production, it will cause difficulty for copper extraction and endanger the environment [12,13]. Arsenic from anode copper can accumulate in the electrolyte during copper electrorefining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Control of Arsenic during Copper Converting and Refining

Tan

Liao

et al. 2022

Metals

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Arsenic content in copper concentrates is continuously increasing worldwide. It is desirable to remove arsenic from copper in the earlier stages of copper making due to the deposition of arsenic to cathode copper during the electrorefining process. Effects of temperature, flux, and oxygen on the distribution of arsenic during copper converting and fire refining processes were studied using FactSage 8.2. The results showed that arsenic can be effectively removed by proper selection of converting and refining slags. The decrease in Fe/SiO2 or Fe/CaO ratio in the converting slag is favorable for arsenic distributed to slag. CaO is more effective than SiO2 in decreasing the liquidus temperature of the slag and arsenic content in the blister copper during the converting process. Na2O or CaO as a flux is effective to remove arsenic in the fire refining process.

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Leaching behaviors of copper and arsenic from high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrates by oxygen-rich sulfuric acid leaching at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Purification of Copper Concentrate from Arsenic under Autoclave Conditions

Purification of Copper Concentrate from Arsenic under Autoclave Conditions

Effect of Pretreatment on a Copper Concentrate with High Arsenic Content

Distribution and Control of Arsenic during Copper Converting and Refining

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