Leachate emissions of short- and long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) from various Norwegian landfills

Abstract

Restrictions on the use of long-chain per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) has led to substitutions with short-chain PFASs.

The fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in a marine food web influenced by land-based sources in the Norwegian Arctic

“…14PFAS concentrations were detected in the landll leachate (643 AE 84 ng L À1 ). These P14PFAS levels were similar to the concentrations reported in the leachate of Norwegian landlls (median 630 ng L À1 ) and in Spain (639-1379 ng L À1 ) 33,41. Higher values have been found in landll leachates in USA (2000 to 29 000 ng L À1 ) and Australia (2000 to 15 000 ng L À1 ) 27,41,42.…”

“…2 worth mentioning that PFAS emission from this landll is considered low as the cold climate of Svalbard limits the volume of leachate production which has been estimated as 25 000 m 3 per year. 33 Concentrations in the marine sediments from the Adven-tord were generally low (Fig. 3 The occurrence of 6:2 FTS in nine of the twelve zooplankton samples conrms its bioaccumulation potential which has been reported recently for invertebrates near a military airport.…”

Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances pose an equivalent level of concern to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances under REACH

“…Short chain PFAS [41] are less bioaccumulative, but their high persistence, aquatic mobility [42] and unknown ecotoxicological effects renders them of concern. PFBS contains 4 carbon atoms and was introduced to market following the phase out of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) [43]. In water, PFBS is a strong acid which is predominantly dissociated as an anion.…”

Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?

“…For example, long-chain PFAAs (e.g., PFOA and its precursors) were detected in landfill sites where the above types of wastes were dumped off for disposal. Knutsen et al (2019) warned that short-chain PFAS compounds released from a range of household and industrial wastes could dominate over long-chain compounds in the leachates of historic landfill sites. The removal of such short-chain PFAS contaminants from water can be extremely challenging, which, in addition to the general challenges of landfill leachate treatment methods, underscores the PFAS contamination issue worldwide in ground and surface water resources from landfill sites.…”