Leachability of Cr(VI) and other metals from asphalt composites with addition of filter dust

The use of EAF dust in cement composites: Assessment of environmental impact

“…In the developed countries waste products like recycled building rubbles [1,2], waste glass [3], crumb rubber [4], quarry waste [5], shingle waste [6], sewage sludge [7], non-metallic automotive shredder residues [8] as well as industrial by-products such us steel slag [9][10][11][12][13][14], filter dust from steelworks [15], cement kiln dust [5,16], asphalt dust [5], coal fly ash [5,18], coal bottom ash [5] and municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash [19] are widely used in civil engineering, especially for road construction. In the last decades these waste products are being exploited as alternative materials that successfully substitute natural raw materials.…”

“…Re-use of recycled waste materials and industrial by-products leads to preservation of natural resources [11], substantial reduction of landfills load and protection of the terrestrial environment. The use of materials originating from industrial by-products is possible when such materials posses appropriate technical qualities [11,14] and are environmentally acceptable [7,11,12,15,17]. Waste materials and industrial by-products that can be potentially re-used may contain different pollutants like metals and organic compounds.…”

“…The toxicity of the pollutant depends not only on its total concentration, but also on the chemical form and its mobility in the environment. When waste materials and industrial by-products are re-used for road construction and in civil engineering, toxic substances may be successfully immobilised with asphalt [15] and cement [20,21]. Nevertheless, before the use, the environmental risk due to the potential release of contaminants from alternative aggregates should be critically evaluated [12,13,15,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…When waste materials and industrial by-products are re-used for road construction and in civil engineering, toxic substances may be successfully immobilised with asphalt [15] and cement [20,21]. Nevertheless, before the use, the environmental risk due to the potential release of contaminants from alternative aggregates should be critically evaluated [12,13,15,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. The major potential hazard to terrestrial and aquatic environment is the leaching of toxic substances from such alternative materials [15,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…Nevertheless, before the use, the environmental risk due to the potential release of contaminants from alternative aggregates should be critically evaluated [12,13,15,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. The major potential hazard to terrestrial and aquatic environment is the leaching of toxic substances from such alternative materials [15,[22][23][24][25][26]. In order to estimate the long-term environmental impact, leaching tests based on diffusion were proposed in the Netherland's NEN 7345 standard [27] and applied in the leaching protocol developed for concrete [28].…”