Leachability and Decay Resistance of Wood Polyesterified with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

Beck, Greeley

doi:10.3390/f11060650

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Water condensation on the inner side of the container was observed around the SCA-treated wood samples and to a much lower extent around untreated controls. It has been shown that the SCA treatment changes the hygroscopic behavior of wood [37,39]. These changes in wood-water relations could explain the water condensation in the container.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrobiological Degradation of Esterified Wood with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

Treu

Nunes

Larnøy

2020

Forests

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There is a need for new solutions in wood protection against marine wood borers and termites in Europe. A new solution could be the esterification of wood with sorbitol and citric acid (SCA) since these are inexpensive and readily available feedstock chemicals and have shown protective properties against fungal wood degradation in earlier studies and prevented macrobiological degradation, as shown in this study. Protection of wood products in the marine environment lacks available wood preservatives that are approved for marine applications. Termite infestation is opposed mainly by biocide treatments of wood. Several wood modification systems show high resistance against both marine borers and subterranean termites. However, the existing commercialized wood modification products are costly. Both macrobiological forms of degradation represent a great threat for most European wood species, which are rapidly and severely degraded if not properly treated. This study investigated esterified wood in standard field trials against marine wood borers, and against subterranean termites in laboratory trials in a no-choice and choice test. The treatment showed good resistance against wood borers in the marine environment after one season and against subterranean termites in the laboratory after eight weeks. The low termite survival rate (SR) in the no-choice test during the first week of testing indicates a mode of action that is incomparable to other wood modification treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrobiological Degradation of Esterified Wood with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

Treu

Nunes

Larnøy

2020

Forests

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“…As a result of the treatment, resistance against brown rot, white rot, and blue stain fungi of the treated pine sapwood were improved significantly. Beck [53] prepared a solution of CA to sorbitol with a 3:1 molar ratio and used the mixture to modify Scots pine wood. The results confirmed that the treatment is promising to impart decay resistance to the modified.…”

Section: Citric Acid With Sorbitolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

et al. 2020

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Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is barely addressed. Esterification is one of the most common chemical reactions applied in wood modification. CA contains three carboxyl groups, making it possible to attain at least two esterification reactions that are required for crosslinking when reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the cell wall polymers. In addition, the reaction could form ester linkages to bring adhesivity and good bonding characteristics, and therefore CA could be used as wood binder too. This paper presents a review concerning the usage of CA as a wood modifying agent and binder. For wood modification, the reaction mechanism between wood and CA and the pros and cons of using CA are discussed. CA and its combination with various reactants and their respective optimum parameters are also compiled in this paper. As for the major wood bonding component, the bonding mechanism and types of wood composites bonded with CA are presented. The best working conditions for the CA in the fabrication of wood-based panels are discussed. In addition, the environmental impacts and future outlook of CA-treated wood and bonded composite are also considered.

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“…The reduction in ML% exhibited in the present study is in accordance with previous findings by Larnøy et al (2018) with CA and sorbitol modified pine wood. Beck (2020) reported leaching of some substrate from CA modified wood with sorbitol which might have resulted in some mass loss as well as reducing the virulence of test fungi within the culture jars. Additionally, enhanced durability after CM with CA can be attributed to the cross linking of CA on -OH groups of cell wall components of wood which made it unrecognisable as a food source to the decaying fungi.…”

Section: Soil Block Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemical modification and heat treatment on biological durability and dimensional stability of Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

Samani

Ganguly

Hom

2021

NZJFS

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Background: Depleting supplies of wood species with inherent natural durability has resulted in the focus being shifted to non-durable plantation grown and imported timber. Despite its abundant availability and better treatability, the use of Pinus roxburghii is limited to packing cases, crates, shutters, door and window frame, carpentry and joinery items due to its nondurable nature. Hence, to promote use of such timber for applications such as decking, cladding and facade elements chemical modification with a combination of citric acid and sodium hypophosphite, and heat treatment were explored to improve its service life. Methods: Chemical modification was performed using a water solution of citric acid (6.9%) and sodium hypophosphite (6.5%) followed by curing at 140°C for 8 hrs. Dimensional stability was determined by estimating the volumetric swelling coefficient and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of treated and control samples. Durability against fungus and termites was evaluated using a soil block bioassay and termite mound test as per standard methods. Results: Both chemical modification and heat treatment of P. roxburghii resulted in enhanced dimensional stability and biological durability compared to the untreated controls. Chemical modification and heat treatment resulted in 23.05% and 18.37% volumetric ASE, respectively. Results showed that a highly perishable species became significantly more durable after chemical modification, exhibiting 5–6 times less mass loss by termites in comparison to the controls. Wood samples modified with citric acid showed excellent resistance to both white and brown rot fungi and exhibited 14-15 times less reduction in mass compared with untreated samples. Conclusions: Citric acid chemical modification is an environment friendly process that improved the dimensional stability as well as resistance against biodegradation. These studies may provide valuable inputs to establish this mode of chemical modification as a cost-effective alternative to other chemicals for wood preservation. The concentrations of the chemicals and temperature for fixation may be varied to establish an optimum combination for best output.

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Leachability and Decay Resistance of Wood Polyesterified with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

Cited by 24 publications

References 76 publications

Macrobiological Degradation of Esterified Wood with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

Macrobiological Degradation of Esterified Wood with Sorbitol and Citric Acid

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

Effect of chemical modification and heat treatment on biological durability and dimensional stability of Pinus roxburghii Sarg.

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