Abstract:When studying the multifaceted notion of labor during the period 1830-1930, it would be a deficit to reduce the concept of work to its manifestations linked to remuneration. Our contribution, conceived as a review, aims to shed light on self-employed or independent work, especially that of craftsmen and retailers. The primary focus of our analysis is on Belgium, but with a comparative perspective on France. After sketching the quantitative evolution of these groups during the period studied, we try to interpre… Show more
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