Le toarcien inférieur: Une période de crise dans les bassins et sur les plate-formes carbonatées de l'Europe du Nord-Ouest et de la Téthys

Sinemurian–Pliensbachian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and organic carbon isotope stratigraphy in the Paris Basin: Calibration to the ammonite biozonation of NW Europe

“…1; Bassoulet and Baudin, 1994;Hermoso et al, 2009). The Paris Basin was a sub-basin of the wide north-European epicontinental shelf which was characterized by marl-limestone alternations and silty shales (Jenkyns, 1988;Baudin et al, 1990;Gély and Lorenz, 1991;Hallam, 1997;Mattioli et al, 2008;Hermoso et al, 2009).…”

Seawater temperature and carbon isotope variations in belemnites linked to mass extinction during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) in Central and Northern Spain. Comparison with other European sections

“…(3) Other benthic organisms except fo r brachiopods. Includes mainly bivalves, benthic fo raminifers and ostracods from Central Spain (Arias et a1., 1992;Arias, 1996;Gahr, 2005), UK (Hallam, 1987;Little and Benton, 1995;Hallam, 1996;Harries and Little, 1999;Wignall et a1., 2005), Italy (Nocchi and Bartolini, 1994), France and NW Europe (Bassoullet and Baudin, 1994;Barnes et al, 1996;Hylton and Hart, 2000), Portugal (Boomer et a1., 1998), Eastern Europe (Ruban and Tyszka, 2005), Morocco (Bassoullet et a1., 1991). (4) Bivalves of the South American Andean Basin, (Aberhan and Ffusich, 1997).…”

“…Apparent synchronism between the anoxic to suboxic facies and the mass extinction boundary was the main reason to assume that the environments generated at the ETOAE were the main causal mechanisms to explain the extinction re corded during the Early Toarcian (e.g. Jenkyns, 1988; Nikitenko an d Shurygin, 1992; Bassoullet an d Baudin, 1994 ;Harries and Little, 1999;Palfy and Smith, 2000;Jenkyns et al , 2002;Varas, 2002;Hart et al, 2003 ;Tremolada et al, 2005;. However, comparison of timing of black shale facies deposition in the different areas of Europe and Northern Africa, on the basis of high-resolution ammonite biostratigraphy, evi dences discrepancies concerning the synchronism of the deposition of the organic-rich facies linked to the ETOAE.…”

“…Hallam, 1961Hallam, , 1986Arias et al , 1992;Little and Benton, 1995;Hallan1, 1996;Aberhan and Fiirsich, 1 997;Harr ies and Little, 1999;PaJfy and Smith, 2000;Cecca and Mac chioni, 2004). Also during the Early Toarcian, deposition of organic-rich black shale facies has been interpreted as the result of a widely distributed major Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (ETOAE), which has been assumed by many authors to be one of the main causes of the mass extinction (e. g. Jenkyns, 198 8;N ikitenko and Shurygin, 1992;Bassoullet and Baudin, 1994;Harr ies and Little, 1999;PaIfy and Smid1, 2000;Jenkyns et aI. , 2002;Voros, 2002;Tremolada et al , 2005;Wignall et aI., 2005).…”

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Toarcian deposits (Lower Jurassic) from the Middle Atlas (Morocco). Comparison with western Tethyan areas

“…As described in the South Rifian corridor (Boudchiche et al, 1987;Boutakiout, 1990;Boutakiout et al, 1995;Boutakiout and Elmi, 1996;El Youssfi, 2000), northeast Morocco (Boudchiche, 1994), High Atlas (El-Kamar, 1997;Amhoud, 1999) and Western Europe (Copestake and Johnson, 1984;Ruget, 1988;Cubaynes et al, 1990;Qajoun, 1994;Herrero, 1991Herrero, , 1993Herrero, , 1994Herrero, , 2006, the base of the Toarcian corresponds to an important renewal of foraminifera. This renewal is coincident with the global anoxic event (Jenkyns, 1988;Bassoullet and Baudin, 1994;Gómez et al, 2008;Mailliot et al, 2009) and with an important phase of trans- Fig. 4.…”