Le stockage définitif des déchets radioactifs et la radioprotection

Abstract

RÉSUMÉPour des raisons d'efficacité opérationnelle, la CIPR a bâti un système dosimétrique s'appuyant sur l'additivité des effets sur la santé quelle que soit la nature du rayonnement et que l'exposition soit d'origine externe ou interne à l'individu exposé. Ce système a rempli son rôle, le bilan de la radioprotection est aujourd'hui jugé bon. Aujourd'hui, le challenge posé à l'énergie nucléaire est de faire la démonstration que la gestion de ses déchets éventuellement stockés en profondeur sera sans danger pour les générations futures. Le scénario envisagé est lié au retour vers la biosphère avec pour conséquence une contamination interne par ingestion de radionucléides à vie longue. ABSTRACT Final storage of radioactive waste and radiological protection. For operational effectiveness, ICRP built a dosimetric system based on the additivity of the effects whatever are the nature of the radiation and the origin of the exposure, external or internal. This system fulfilled the assigned role; the assessment of the protection against radiation is good. Today, the challenge to overcome with regard of the nuclear energy is to make the demonstration that the management of disposed wastes in geological formations will be without risk to the future generations. The scenario considered is related to the return towards the biosphere and an internal contamination by ingestion of long-lived radionuclides. Is the current radiological protection system adapted to this situation? What means irradiation alpha? What does one really know in dosimetric and risk terms for the chronicity of internal exposures? As many questions for which we always do not have the answer and that it is thus necessary to consider at the time when one recommends a dialogue with the stakeholders and that recent scientific observations call into question many certainties. New research programmes in radiotoxicology appear absolutely necessary to answer these legitimate questions. The example of the step of pharmaceutical industry for obtaining the marketing authorizations of the drugs is to be meditated.

Radiochemistry

“…This contemplation can now be done 292,293 against a background, not only of dumping nuclear waste at sea, 294 but also of considerable experience in operating nuclear waste storage facilities. 295 Despite the grandiose title of a recent paper 296 'Final Storage of radioactive waste in Switzerland' it is becoming clear that this may not be possible and so it is of interest to report at least one paper 297 that contemplates the eventual return to the biosphere (i.e. to the food chain) of longlived radioisotopes.…”