Le sommeil paradoxal et le traitement de l'information: Une exploration par l'inversion du champ visuel.

J, De Koninck; Prévost, François

doi:10.1037/h0084290

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results are similar to our own previous findings (Smith and Lapp 1991). A number of other earlier human studies reported increases in REMs/REM densities (Verschoor and Holdstock 1984;Mandai et al 1989;DeKoninck and Prevost 1991), whereas several (Fanjaud et al 1982;Scrima 1982;DeKoninck et al 1989;Buchegger et al 1991) reported increases in REM sleep time alone. One study reported a high correlation between performance level and time spent in REM in the last quarter of the night (Stickgold et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Posttraining increases in REM sleep intensity implicate REM sleep in memory processing and provide a biological marker of learning potential

Smith¹,

Nixon²,

Nader³

2004

Learn. Mem.

146

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Posttraining rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been reported to be important for efficient memory consolidation. The present results demonstrate increases in the intensity of REM sleep during the night of sleep following cognitive procedural/implicit task acquisition. These REM increases manifest as increases in total number of rapid eye movements (REMs) and REM densities, whereas the actual time spent in REM sleep did not change. Further, the participants with the higher intelligence (IQ) scores showed superior task acquisition scores as well as larger posttraining increases in number of REMs and REM density. No other sleep state changes were observed. None of the pretraining baseline measures of REM sleep were correlated with either measured IQ or task performance. Posttraining increases in REM sleep intensity implicate REM sleep mechanisms in further off-line memory processing, and provide a biological marker of learning potential.There is now a substantial body of evidence from animal (Smith 1985(Smith , 1996Datta 2000;Louie and Wilson 2001) and human (Smith 1995(Smith , 2001Maquet et al. 2000;Stickgold et al. 2000;Laureys et al. 2001) studies to support the idea that further offline memory processing or consolidation occurs during postacquisition REM sleep. In humans, REM sleep is evidently important for the efficient memory consolidation of procedural/ implicit tasks (Smith 2001). In a recent review, all seven studies that imposed REM sleep deprivation after acquisition of procedural learning tasks reported subsequent memory deficits. As well, 14 of 16 studies which observed sleep following procedural task acquisition reported increases in time spent in REM sleep, percent REM sleep, or REM sleep intensity (Smith 2001).The reported relationship between "native" or baseline amounts of REM sleep and learning potential, within or between species, has been inconsistent. REM sleep has been argued to be positively correlated with intelligence (Petre-Quadens and de Lee 1970;Pagel et al. 1973), negatively correlated with intelligence (Busby and Pivik 1983), and to have no relationship at all (Siegal 2001). However, it is likely that REM sleep has multiple functions (Rechtschaffen 1998), and thus it would be difficult to show such a singular relationship. It seems more likely that the posttraining REM sleep response to task acquisition, in terms of amount and/ or intensity, is a more useful indicator of learning potential. For example, it has been reported in rats (Smith and Wong 1991) that the magnitude of the posttraining REM sleep increase was dependent upon whether the animal was a "fast learner" or a "slow learner." Fast-learning animals showed marked increases in number of minutes of REM sleep, even following acquisition of simple tasks, whereas the slow-learning rats, although they did learn equally well, showed very small posttraining REM sleep increases. When the task became very difficult, only the rats that had exhibited large REM increases (fast learners) following the easy tasks were able to master the...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Posttraining increases in REM sleep intensity implicate REM sleep in memory processing and provide a biological marker of learning potential

Smith¹,

Nixon²,

Nader³

2004

Learn. Mem.

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A similar finding has been demonstrated by Ornitz, Forsythe, and de la Pena (1973) who have recorded longer and denser REM bursts in sleeping children in response to vestibular stimulation than to no stimulation. There is also mixed evidence that visual-vestibular perturbations, e.g., wearing inverting goggles during the day, can influence subsequent REM sleep (De Koninck & Prevost, 1991; Zimmerman, Stoyva, & Metcalf, 1970; Zimmer, Stoyva, & Reite, 1977).…”

Section: Vestibular Imagery In Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular dreams: The effect of rocking on dream mentation.

Leslie¹,

Ogilvie²

1996

Dreaming

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The study investigates the proposed link between vestibular activation and dream lucidity. In the experiment, subjects spent two consecutive nights sleeping in a hammock in the sleep lab. For each night, during the second, third, and fourth REM sleep periods, the hammock was either stationary (control condition), or rocked at a constant frequency (experimental condition) stimulating the subject's vestibular system. In all conditions the subject was awakened after ten minutes of REM sleep and asked to provide a mentation report. Each report was later analyzed on a number of scales (total word count, vestibular imagery, self-reflectiveness, categorization on a mentation continuum, and bizarreness). Physiological measures such as REM density and EEG power were also analyzed. A rocking by time interaction was found: rocking increased lucid mentation during early morning REM periods, but had little effect on the already high degree of lucid mentation during late morning REM periods. Physiological measures showed little differentiation between conditions, with the exception of a significantly high incidence of nystagmoid-like compensatory phasic eye-movements in the rocking condition. These results suggest that vestibular activation during REM sleep can influence dream mentation, specifically, dream self-reflectiveness and vestibular imagery.

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“…Furthermore, improvement in the same task is correlated with the amount of REM sleep in the second part of the night (Stickgold 1999). Likewise, modi®cations of the visual ®eld in normal subjects using goggles (which forces them to learn implicitly to move in their environment) causes an increase in REM sleep in the following days (De Koninck and PreÂ vost 1991). In contrast, explicit memory, which depends on the function of the mesio-temporal areas, has not been successfully related to any REM sleep (Smith 1995).…”

Section: Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

Maquet

2000

Journal of Sleep Research

562

312

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Functional neuroimaging using positron emission tomography has recently yielded original data on the functional neuroanatomy of human sleep. This paper attempts to describe the possibilities and limitations of the technique and clarify its usefulness in sleep research. A short overview of the methods of acquisition and statistical analysis (statistical parametric mapping, SPM) is presented before the results of PET sleep studies are reviewed. The discussion attempts to integrate the functional neuroimaging data into the body of knowledge already acquired on sleep in animals and humans using various other techniques (intracellular recordings, in situ neurophysiology, lesional and pharmacological trials, scalp EEG recordings, behavioural or psychological description). The published PET data describe a very reproducible functional neuroanatomy in sleep. The core characteristics of this ‘canonical’ sleep may be summarized as follows. In slow‐wave sleep, most deactivated areas are located in the dorsal pons and mesencephalon, cerebellum, thalami, basal ganglia, basal forebrain/hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and in the mesial aspect of the temporal lobe. During rapid‐eye movement sleep, significant activations were found in the pontine tegmentum, thalamic nuclei, limbic areas (amygdaloid complexes, hippocampal formation, anterior cingulate cortex) and in the posterior cortices (temporo‐occipital areas). In contrast, the dorso‐lateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, as well as the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, were the least active brain regions. These preliminary studies open up a whole field in sleep research. More detailed explorations of sleep in humans are now accessible to experimental challenges using PET and other neuroimaging techniques. These new methods will contribute to a better understanding of sleep functions.

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Le sommeil paradoxal et le traitement de l'information: Une exploration par l'inversion du champ visuel.

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Posttraining increases in REM sleep intensity implicate REM sleep in memory processing and provide a biological marker of learning potential

Posttraining increases in REM sleep intensity implicate REM sleep in memory processing and provide a biological marker of learning potential

Vestibular dreams: The effect of rocking on dream mentation.

Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography

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