Le sanglier en Égypte

Manlius, Nicolas; Gautier, Achilles

doi:10.1016/s0764-4469(00)88527-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…After this event, the wild boar arrived in North Africa possibly through Egypt, which would have isolated it from the Near Eastern clade. Presence of wild boar fossils from the Middle Pleistocene in North Africa and in several Near Eastern countries [24,57] supports our results, and the idea of wild boar forming part of fauna of Maghreb during this period. Nevertheless, the North African wild boar currently has European haplotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…According to Manlius and Gautier [57], the so-called wild boars from Sudan are feral pigs, and the modern wild boars from Egypt were probably introduced by humans in the Neolithic period, like sheep and goats. Even so, presence of native wild boar at low densities in the past cannot be ruled out, and natural colonisation through Egypt is logical and supported by the existence of fossils found in North Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contacts in the last 90,000 years over the Strait of Gibraltar evidenced by genetic analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2017

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Contacts across the Strait of Gibraltar in the Pleistocene have been studied in different research papers, which have demonstrated that this apparent barrier has been permeable to human and fauna movements in both directions. Our study, based on the genetic analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa), suggests that there has been contact between Africa and Europe through the Strait of Gibraltar in the Late Pleistocene (at least in the last 90,000 years), as shown by the partial analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Cytochrome b and the control region from North African wild boar indicate a close relationship with European wild boar, and even some specimens belong to a common haplotype in Europe. The analyses suggest the transformation of the wild boar phylogeography in North Africa by the emergence of a natural communication route in times when sea levels fell due to climatic changes, and possibly through human action, since contacts coincide with both the Last Glacial period and the increasing human dispersion via the strait.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contacts in the last 90,000 years over the Strait of Gibraltar evidenced by genetic analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2017

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“…We will try here to establish a recapitulated distribution of the ostrich in Egypt from prehistoric times to today. This study is in keeping with the general pattern of historical ecology and biogeography, a new field of research (see Manlius, 1996, 1998, 2000a, b, c, 2001; Manlius & Gautier, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

The ostrich in Egypt: past and present

Manlius¹

2001

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim This article tracks the evolution of the distribution of ostrich populations, Struthio camelus L., 1758, in Egypt from the Late Pleistocene up to present times with a view to establishing a series of distribution maps for the historical period. An attempt is then made to describe and interpret these maps.Location The country considered is Egypt.Methods We compiled all the information about the presence of the ostrich in Egypt collected from the study of fossil remains, archaeological materials and from the narrative of travellers since the fourteenth century. From the accounts of these travellers, three maps showing the location of this birds in this country are established: from the end of the fourteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century; from the beginning of the eighteenth to the end of the nineteenth century; and lastly, for the twentieth century. ResultsThe ostrich was abundant and broadly distributed in Egypt in the past. However, it has been constantly in decline. It disappeared from the north of the country and lived only in the southeast up to the end of the nineteenth century. The birds reappeared in the latter region at the beginning of the 1960s up to 1991 before disappearing from the country. Main conclusionsThe principal reasons for the decline of the ostrich in Egypt are the aridi®cation caused by climatic changes and intensive hunting by humans. It is possible that this bird was not sighted in the country between the beginning of the twentieth century and the 1960s, not because it had disappeared, but most probably because it was suf®ciently discrete to be noticed.

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“…Interestingly, our study shows that (in three of the four teeth) from Corsican and Sardinian ‘wild’ populations, molar shape values cluster in close proximity to North African Sus scrofa algira from Morocco and Algeria [ 12 ]. Such phenotypic affinity between insular wild populations and North-West African wild Suids (along with the European mitochondrial signature also noted in the latter [ 3 , 27 ]) may indicate that extant wild Sus populations from North West Africa are in fact feral populations of European origin - a scenario previously suggested for North East African Egyptian wild boar [ 72 ]. Our study does not, however, include modern Italian wild boar, which possess another distinctive mtDNA haplotype previously observed in Sardinian archaeological Sus specimens [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Phenotype and animal domestication: A study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular Sus scrofa

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIdentifying the phenotypic responses to domestication remains a long-standing and important question for researchers studying its early history. The great diversity in domestic animals and plants that exists today bears testament to the profound changes that domestication has induced in their ancestral wild forms over the last millennia. Domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which wild organisms are moved to new anthropogenic environments. Although modern genetics are significantly improving our understanding of domestication and breed formation, little is still known about the associated morphological changes linked to the process itself. In order to explore phenotypic variation induced by different levels of human control, we analysed the diversity of dental size, shape and allometry in modern free-living and captive wild, wild x domestic hybrid, domestic and insular Sus scrofa populations.ResultsWe show that domestication has created completely new dental phenotypes not found in wild boar (although the amount of variation amongst domestic pigs does not exceed that found in the wild). Wild boar tooth shape also appears to be biogeographically structured, likely the result of post-glacial recolonisation history. Furthermore, distinct dental phenotypes were also observed among domestic breeds, probably the result of differing types and intensity of past and present husbandry practices. Captivity also appears to impact tooth shape. Wild x domestic hybrids possess second molars that are strictly intermediate in shape between wild boar and domestic pigs (third molars, however, showing greater shape similarity with wild boar) while their size is more similar to domestic pigs. The dental phenotypes of insular Sus scrofa populations found on Corsica and Sardinia today (originally introduced by Neolithic settlers to the islands) can be explained either by feralization of the original introduced domestic swine or that the founding population maintained a wild boar phenotype through time.ConclusionsDomestication has driven significant phenotypic diversification in Sus scrofa. Captivity (environmental control), hybridization (genome admixture), and introduction to islands all correspond to differing levels of human control and may be considered different stages of the domestication process. The relatively well-known genetic evolutionary history of pigs shows a similar complexity at the phenotypic level.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0269-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Le sanglier en Égypte

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Contacts in the last 90,000 years over the Strait of Gibraltar evidenced by genetic analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Contacts in the last 90,000 years over the Strait of Gibraltar evidenced by genetic analysis of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

The ostrich in Egypt: past and present

Phenotype and animal domestication: A study of dental variation between domestic, wild, captive, hybrid and insular Sus scrofa

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