Le polonium 210, un repère naturel important en radioprotection

Pradel, J.; Zettwoog, P.; Dellero, N.; Beutier, D.

doi:10.1051/radiopro:2001100

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Polonium (Po 210 ) is one of the radionuclides that may have a health impact (exposure threshold 2 millisieverts (mSv) yr -1 ; Table 5). Exposure by ingestion is significant, and annual intake can reach hundreds of µSv per year in adults (Pradel et al 2001).…”

Section: Inorganic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shellfish and Residual Chemical Contaminants: Hazards, Monitoring, and Health Risk Assessment Along French Coasts

Guéguen

Amiard

Arnich

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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In this review, we address the identification of residual chemical hazards in shellfish collected from the marine environment or in marketed shellfish. Data, assembled on the concentration of contaminants detected, were compared with the appropriate regulatory and food safety standards. Moreover, data on human exposure and body burden levels were evaluated in the context of potential health risks.Shellfish farming is a common industry along European coasts. The primary types of shellfish consumed in France are oysters, mussels, king scallops, winkles,whelks, cockles, clams, and other scallops. Shellfish filter large volumes of water to extract their food and are excellent bioaccumulators. Metals and other pollutants that exist in the marine environment partition into particular organs, according to their individual chemical characteristics. In shellfish, accumulation often occurs in the digestive gland, which plays a role in assimilation, excretion, and detoxification of contaminants. The concentrations of chemical contaminants in bivalve mollusks are known to fluctuate with the seasons.European regulations limit the amount and type of contaminants that can appear in foodstuffs. Current European standards regulate the levels of micro-biological agents, phycotoxins, and some chemical contaminants in food. Since 2006, these regulations have been compiled into the "Hygiene Package." Bivalve mollusks must comply with maximum levels of certain contaminants as follows:lead (1.5 mg kg-1), cadmium (1 mg kg-1), mercury (0.5 mg kg-1), dioxins (4 pg g-1 and dioxins + DL-PCBs 8 pg g-1), and benzo[a]pyrene (10 μp.g kg-1).In this review, we identify the levels of major contaminants that exist in shellfish(collected from the marine environment and/or in marketed shellfish). The follow-ing contaminants are among those that are profiled: Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Ni, Cr, V,Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Se, Mg, Mo, radionuclides, benzo[a]pyrene, PCBs, dioxins and furans, PAHs, TBT, HCB, dieldrin, DDT, lindane, triazines, PBDE, and chlorinated paraffins.In France, the results of contaminant monitoring have indicated that Cd, but not lead (< 0.26 mg kg-1) or mercury (< 0.003 mg kg-1), has had some non-compliances. Detections for PCBs and dioxins in shellfish were far below the regulatory thresholds in oysters (< 0.6 pg g-l), mussels (< 0.6 pg g-1), and king scallops (< 0.4 pg g-1). The benzo[a]pyrene concentration in marketed mussels and farmed shellfish does not exceed the regulatory threshold. Some monitoring data are available on shellfish flesh contamination for unregulated organic contaminants.Of about 100 existing organo stannic compounds, residues of the mono-, di-, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT) and mono-, di-, and triphenyltin (MPT, DPT,and TPT) compounds are the most frequently detected in fishery products. Octyltins are not found in fishery products. Some bivalve mollusks show arsenic levels up to 15.8 mg kg-1. It seems that the levels of arsenic in the environment derive less from bioaccumulation, than from whether the arsenic is in an org...

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Section: Inorganic Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shellfish and Residual Chemical Contaminants: Hazards, Monitoring, and Health Risk Assessment Along French Coasts

Guéguen

Amiard

Arnich

et al. 2011

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…À titre de comparaison, le seul polonium 210 naturel, omniprésent sur le sol au taux moyen de 5000 Bq m −2 , présente une radiotoxicité classée très forte, dans le groupe I [66,75], 700 fois plus importante que celle du césium 137 classée modérée dans le groupe III. Ces 5000 Bq m −2 de polonium 210, qui se renouvellent constamment (période de 4,6 mois), équivalent donc, sur le plan radiotoxicologique, à 3,5 millions de becquerels de césium 137 m −2 [41]. On conçoit que les radiotoxicologues n'attribuent à ce dernier qu'une importance modérée, et que le niveau du césium des retombées en France des aérosols de Tchernobyl n'a pas posé et ne posera pas dans l'avenir de problème de santé publique.…”

Section: Radiotoxicités Des Césiums 137 Et 134unclassified

Données métrologiques et évaluation des risques en France lors de l'accident de Tchernobyl (26 avril 1986). Mise au point historique

Galle

Paulin²,

Coursaget

2003

Comptes Rendus. Biologies

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Les auteurs indiquent la source des données sur lesquelles, en 1986, l'autorité de santé a évalué le risque des retombées radioactives de l'accident de Tchernobyl en France. Ils décrivent les moyens mis en oeuvre pour acquérir ces données, l'expérience précédemment acquise, puis l'essentiel des résultats de mesures. Ils confirment les termes de la note du 28 mai 1986 de R. Latarjet à l'Académie des sciences, concluant que ces retombées ont été très inférieures à ce qui aurait pu justifier des contre-mesures autres que le contrôle des denrées importées. Ils estiment nécessaire de prendre des dispositions pour améliorer la communication impliquant, selon le modèle suédois, l'intervention du corps médical compétent en médecine nucléaire et en radiotoxicologie.

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“…Thorium is added into gas-lamp mantles, and uranium and thorium to certain porcelain. Finally, the consumer product delivering the highest dose is without a doubt tobacco, which contains 210 Pb and 210 Po [23].…”

Section: Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural radiation sources, including some lessons for nuclear waste management

Métivier¹

2002

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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The average effective dose at the global level is, according to UNSCEAR, estimated to be 2.4 mSv from naturally occurring sources. This average value can be divided as follows: 1.3 mSv associated with radon, 0.39 mSv from cosmic radiation, 0.46 mSv from terrestrial radiation, and 0.23 mSv from internal radiation, radon excluded. These values can vary quite significantly depending on the place of habitation. Despite this large variation, no sound epidemiological study has yet shown the health effects on the most exposed populations, apart from a few studies concerning radon, but in which the predominant role of tobacco is difficult to determine. To cite this article: H. Métivier, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 1035-1048.  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS ionizing radiation / natural irradiation / radiotoxicity / biological effects Les sources naturelles d'irradiation, leçons pour la gestion des déchets nucléaires RésuméLa dose efficace moyenne au niveau mondial est estimée selon l'UNSCEAR à 2,4 mSv pour les sources d'origine naturelles. Cette valeur moyenne se décompose en 1,3 mSv liés au radon, 0,39 mSv au rayonnement cosmique, 0,46 mSv au rayonnement tellurique, et 0,23 mSv liée à l'irradiation interne à l'exception du radon. Ces valeurs peuvent varier très significativement selon le lieu d'habitation. Malgré cette variation importante aucune étude épidémiologique solide n'a à ce jour montré d'effets sur la santé dans les populations les plus exposées, si ce n'est quelques études concernant le radon, mais où le rôle écrasant du tabac est difficile à préciser.

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Le polonium 210, un repère naturel important en radioprotection

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Shellfish and Residual Chemical Contaminants: Hazards, Monitoring, and Health Risk Assessment Along French Coasts

Shellfish and Residual Chemical Contaminants: Hazards, Monitoring, and Health Risk Assessment Along French Coasts

Données métrologiques et évaluation des risques en France lors de l'accident de Tchernobyl (26 avril 1986). Mise au point historique

Natural radiation sources, including some lessons for nuclear waste management

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