Le poids de l’inaptitude au travail dans les prises de retraite d’une grande municipalité

Abstract

À partir de l'analyse de plus de 2 000 prises de retraite chez les "cols bleus" et les "cols blancs" d'une grande municipalité, au cours de la décennie 1973-1983, il s'avère que les cols bleus perçoivent une rente inférieure, jouissent de leur vie à la retraite moins longtemps et meurent plus jeunes que les cols blancs. Le cheminement causal dégagé pour expliquer cette situation fait s'entrecroiser les effets complexes et conjugués de la réglementation du régime de retraite privé en vigueur, des conditions de travail ainsi que des itinéraires professionnels différentiels.From the analysis of more than 2000 retirement decisions by blue-collar and white-collar workers in a large municipality in the decade from 1973-1983, it is demonstrated that blue-collar workers receive a smaller pension, take advantage of their retirement for a shorter period of time, and die younger than white-collar workers. The causal progression proposed to explain this situation brings together the complex and combined effects of regulations concerning private pension plans now in force, of working conditions, and of differential occupational itineraries.A partir del análisis de más de 2 000 jubilaciones entre los obreros y los empleados de una gran municipalidad, en el curso del decenio 1973-1983, se revela que los obreros perciben una renta inferior, disfrutan de la vida de jubilados menos tiempo y mueren más jóvenes que los empleados. El recorrido causal puesto en relieve para explicar esta situación hace entrecruzarse los efectos complejos y conjugados de la reglamentación del régimen de jubilación privado en vigor, de la misma manera que de las condiciones de trabajo e itinerarios profesionales diferentes

Aging, work organization and health

“…In fact, companies' pursuit of numerical flexibility increasingly reduces the number of regular jobs and eliminates the lighter jobs (David and Bigaouette, 1989). This increases the insecuri-ty of aging personnel, since it is more difficult to find a job at an advanced age (Canadian census).…”

“…These skills, as well as those that can be accumulated for the work's cognitive components, "work well" for a given task. The salaried employee is uncertain about being able to use them in a different situation (David and Bigaouette, 1989), even if the difference seems moderate at first. If he is successful or if he manages to develop new strategies of the same type in the new situation, the period necessary for mastering the new requirements will perhaps be painful, with its share of fatigue and worry.…”

“…Although the current age structure in services is significantly younger than in industry, the problems of aging of the workforce are just as common (David and Bigaouette, 1989 ;David and Payeur, 1995 ;Cloutier et al, 1999 ;Davezies, 1998). Most often they involve female populations.…”

“…Considering the difficulties mentioned above, this participation in less stable methods of organization may be costly in terms of health (David and Bigaouette, 1989 ;Gaudart and Pondaven, 1998), fatigue, and disappointments following failures. We know (as the ESTEV survey in France has clearly shown -see Saurel-Cubizolles et al, 2000) that "minor health problems" generally have a strong statistical relationship to the risk of job loss in the years that follow.…”

“…Elsewhere, the hiring freeze and subcontracting in manual labor have forced aging workers in a large municipality into positions normally assigned to young people (David and Bigaouette, 1989).…”