“…Participant observation is particularly useful when the phenomenon studied is visible and based on human interactions (Jorgensen, 1989). Empirically speaking, participant observation -either alone or in conjunction with other methods-has proved to be significantly useful in the study of interspecies relationships, particularly between humans and horses in tourism, sport, and leisure (Dashper, 2014(Dashper, , 2017Helgadóttir & Sigurðardóttir, 2021;Monterrubio & Pérez, 2021;Notzke, 2019) and their association with gender (Adelman, 2015;Adelman & Knijnik, 2013;Butler, 2013;Dashper, 2012;de Haan et al, 2016;Fernando Rojo, 2009).…”