« Le miroir de la haine ». La prise en charge pénitentiaire de la radicalisation : analyse clinique et criminologique de 112 personnes placées sous main de justice

Bazex, Hélène; Bénézech, Michel; Mensat, Jean-Yves

doi:10.1016/j.amp.2017.01.009

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…On one hand, there are young people for whom radical engagement leads them to be under judicial control, and on the other side there are condemned adults who meet, by availability, radicalisation in prison. Individuals in prison can encounter radical commitment in a very variable way [27].…”

Section: Individual Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youths are subject to psychological pressure from the recruiters to adopt the radical beliefs and to break with friends and family [46]. Bazex & Bénézech highlighted one category of radicalised individuals who have a charismatic character associated with proselytic and manipulative behaviours: 'the proselytic networker' [27]. Radicalised individuals with other profiles (e.g., 'ambitious offenders'; 'people in a precarious situation') may be vulnerable to indoctrination by 'proselytic networkers'.…”

Section: Micro-environmental Risk Factors (Family and Proximal Enviromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles

et al. 2018

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There are many similarities between psychopathological manifestations of adolescence and mechanisms at stake during the radicalisation process. As a consequence, and despite the rarity of psychotic disorders, mental health professionals have a role to play in the treatment and understanding of radical engagement among European youth. Studies with empirical data are limited, and more research should be promoted (in particular in females and in non-Muslim communities) to better understand the phenomenon and to propose recommendations for prevention and treatment.

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Section: Individual Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Micro-environmental Risk Factors (Family and Proximal Enviromentioning

confidence: 99%

Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles

et al. 2018

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“…To tackle the phenomenon of radicalization among young Europeans, authors have suggested individual risk factors such as personal vulnerabilities (e.g., early experiences of abandonment, perceived injustice, personal uncertainty and perceived group threat) and psychiatric disorders (Bazex et al 2017;Doosje et al 2013); micro-environmental risk factors such as family dysfunction and friendships with radicalized individuals (Bazex et al 2017;MIVILUDES, 2015;Schuurman and Horgan, 2016;Van San et al 2013); societal risk factors such as geopolitical events, societal polarization and societal changes (Benslama, 2016;Coid et al 2016;O'Duffy, 2008;Wiktorowicz, 2005); and systemic factors such as an encounter between an individual who is a candidate for becoming radicalized and a recruiter who uses sectarian techniques to isolate and dehumanize the candidate (Bouzar, 2014;MIVILUDES, 2015). However, recent reviews have highlighted that studies with empirical data are limited; they are mainly based on either small samples of males involved in terror attacks or projects (Bazex et al 2017), i.e., a retrospective design (Veldhuis and Staun, 2009), or Muslim by birth individuals (Kundnani, 2015), making it impossible to generalize the results or to establish causal relations. Additionally, several studies remain at a theoretical level or use a population-based sample that provides only indirect tendencies (Schmid, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joining the Islamic State from France between 2014 and 2016: an observational follow-up study

Campelo¹,

Bouzar

Oppetit

et al. 2018

Palgrave Commun

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A new model of radicalization has appeared in Western countries since the 2010s. However, few empirical data are available to interpret the profiles of European young people who have embraced radical Islamism. Mixing qualitative/quantitative approaches, the present study is the first to explore their motives for radicalization, as well as how characteristics at baseline predicted their status at follow-up (FU). In 2014-2015, 150 individuals (mean age: 19.82 years; 101 (67.3%) females; 100 (67%) Muslim converts) were followed-up prospectively by the Centre de Prévention contre les Dérives Sectaires liées à l'Islam (CPDSI) until September 2016. Using a multiple correspondence analysis, we found that eight motivational dimensions (interest in violence; feelings of depression, responsibility, uncertainty or loneliness; experience of abuse; issues with sexuality; and poor insight) combining in eight statistical factors drove individuals towards radicalization. At FU, 95(63%) were no longer radicalized, 21(14%) were disengaged, 19(13%) were still radicalized, and 15(10%) had reached the Islamic State. Univariate and multivariate analyses found some protective factors defining individuals with developmental vulnerabilities that can be encountered in many psychopathologies. In addition, multivariate models showed that worse status at FU was predicted by being married, having married parents, having attempted to radicalize other relatives, and having a close friend or relative imprisoned before radicalization. We conclude that multidimensional efforts to de-radicalize young people are efficient, although a worse prognosis is associated with neighborhood/proximal phenomena. Prevention should target these local/proximal contexts to further prevent radicalization.

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“…As an example, some of our young persons have diverse psycho-sociopathic personality traits (extraversion, aggressiveness, early antisocial behaviour) facilitating their adhesion to a jihadist group, whereas others display schizoid personality traits (introversion, detachment, emotional poverty) or even a delusional disorder predisposing them to a lone-actor terrorist activity. Around 10% of 450 individuals' research population suffering from patent mental disorders, which is representative of the national figure of individuals who are on file f or j ihadism [8].…”

Section: Indicators Of Deradicalization 263mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Guide of Assessment of Disengagement from Jihadist Violent Extremism: Indicators of deradicalization

Bouzar¹,

Bénézech

2019

CMRO

Self Cite

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Structured professional judgement tools were specifically created to measure risk related to violent extremism. But there is no instrument that measures disengagement and deradicalization program. The result of an action research realized in parallel of the follow-up of 450 French jihadists enabled the creation of a trial of a specialized protocol, named NOORAPPLI 3D 1. It is intended for professionals who take charge of jihadists. Its main aim is to measure how disengagement/deradicalization programs manage to change attitudes associated to violent extremism. It fills practitioners' need of deepening in order to measure the exit of radicalization and to fight recidivism. This practical guide helps professionals to consider the meaning of the radicalized individual's engagement (engagement motives with promises of a better world and/or self), to detect his needs which were compensated by the radical discourse (psychological, socio-political…), to evaluate his level of "paranoid perspective" (rigid and persecuting emotional dimension), his level of "socialization in terrorism" (relational dimension) and his level of adhesion to the utopia of a perfect world with divine law (ideological dimension) as well as the evolution of the cognitive change provoked by these three dimensions (dichotomic thought causing an inversion of the perpetrator/victim status and the dehumanisation of victims). This article aims at submitting to critics this trial of exit of jihadist radicalization protocol. It presents a method which led to the creation of items allowing a follow-up individual to be replaced in his own trajectory of radicalization. NOORAPPLI 3D relies on results of a scientific research on contemporary jihadism but incorporates them transversely, to help professionals to measure concretely follow-up individuals, on the basis of objective facts and not according to subjective representations nor principled positions. NOORAPPLI 3D items are organized into three chapters corresponding to the three dimensions of the radicalization process (emotional, relational, ideological). For each of these items, four levels of answers are proposed. The professional will check the closest answer to the concerned subject's situation. The items are formulated so that the professional will gather precise information on each matter: either after a discussion or by the observation of the radicalized individual's behaviour, with a risk of dissimulation. The following items must be adapted and experimented. It will also be necessary to adapt them to help professionals of other countries because they are built upon the exit of radicalization of French jihadists who were largely recruited by French extremist leaders in the French language and tested by teams of French professionals within and outside prisons. FOREWORD: The question of assessing and taking charge a potential perpetrator of a terrorist attack forms a major societal issue. According to me, the present work represents an important action research given an examination of the internati...

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« Le miroir de la haine ». La prise en charge pénitentiaire de la radicalisation : analyse clinique et criminologique de 112 personnes placées sous main de justice

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles

Who are the European youths willing to engage in radicalisation? A multidisciplinary review of their psychological and social profiles

Joining the Islamic State from France between 2014 and 2016: an observational follow-up study

Practical Guide of Assessment of Disengagement from Jihadist Violent Extremism: Indicators of deradicalization

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