“…11 These changes are rooted in a context marked by globalisation and operation in terms of projects or in the form of commands (Hache 2013, Jouvenet, 2013, by financing modes (Dasgupta and David, 1994), which have modified the temporality, objectives and scientific evaluation criteria by creating the "commodification" of research (Radder, 2010), but also by a new consideration of risks. 12 All these changes put researchers and organisations in situations of paradoxical injunctions (Vinck, 2010), prisoner dilemmas (Drucker Godard et al, 2013;Mignot-Gérard, 2012;Bozeman, 2011;Sponem, 2013) or even moral panic (Hoonaard, 2001;Ogien, 2004), and have a profound impact on professions, identities and professional models (Barrier, 2011). Researchers must, at the same time, pursue excellence in publishing in order to be visible on the international academic level, promote rapprochement with industry in the context of innovative policies and secure funding for their laboratories; when they are also teachers, they must focus on the employability of students and invest locally; when they are women, they must often accept a recognition deficit from their peers or superiors but pursue the same goals.…”