Le fonio, une céréale africaine

Cruz, Jean-François; Béavogui, Famoï

doi:10.35690/978-2-7592-1040-4

Cited by 27 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…These findings are in accordance with those observed with most of local tropical cereal crops grown under short day length (Azam-Ali and Squire, 2002). This reduction of the length of phenological stages suggests that the landrace used in this study is short photoperiod-sensitive (Aliero and Morakinyo, 2005;Cruz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Previous reviews pointed out that fonio is grown in tropical areas with low, average or high rainfalls, either in upland or high lands . In addition, Cruz et al (2011) reported that fonio is a plant with wide adaptation range and minor effects of climatic or soil conditions. However, poor plant density and slow plant growth observed in late-planted plots are strongly related to high level of rains during post-emergence and the growth stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis Stapf) is a cereal crop mainly grown in the southern and southeastern provinces of Senegal (Lo, 2003;USAID, 2008;Cruz et al, 2011). It plays an important role as a complementary staple food in rural areas (Diedhiou, 2008;Vall et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of fonio millet (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> Stapf) in the Southeast of Senegal

Kanfany¹,

Fofana²,

Gueye³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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A field experiment was carried out during the rainy cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011 in Southeastern Senegal. The study aimed at investigating the effects of sowing dates on plant growth and grain yield of fonio millet (Digitaria exilis Stapf). Seven planting times (from early July to mid August with 7-day interval) were laid out in a randomized complete block design. In general, plant growth and grain yield were significantly better for the early July sowing dates compared to other sowing dates. However, tillering capacity and grain size were not influenced by the sowing date. Highest grain yields were obtained on 15-July planting date with an average of 1,111 kg ha -1 in 2010 and 1,269 kg ha -1 in 2011. Compared to this planting date, the delay in sowing reduced grain yield by 50% in 2010 and 87% in 2011. Detrimental high rains to seedling vigor, decreasing sunshine during the plant growth, and rain deficit during the reproductive phase were among the main limiting factors for late sowings. Hence, the first fortnight of July could be recommended as optimal sowing period for early maturing cultivars of fonio in Southeastern Senegal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of fonio millet (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> Stapf) in the Southeast of Senegal

Kanfany¹,

Fofana²,

Gueye³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…Fonio is cultivated under a large range of environmental conditions, from a tropical monsoon climate in western Guinea to a hot, arid desert climate (BWh) in the Sahel zone. Some extra-early maturing fonio varieties produce mature grains in only 70-90 days 19 , which makes fonio one of the fastest maturing cereals. Because of its quick maturation, fonio is often grown to avoid food shortage during the lean season (period before main harvest), which is why fonio is also referred to as ‘hungry rice’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate

Abrouk

Ahmed

Cubry

et al. 2020

Preprint

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33Sustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of 34 agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (Digitaria 35 exilis) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we 36 established high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular 37 breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 38 cultivated and wild Digitaria accessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population 39 structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic 40 factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most 41 known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong 42 selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and 43 dry environments. 44 45 agriculture 1-3 . The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) stated that arid 50 and semi-arid regions are the most vulnerable environments to increasing uncertainties in regional 51 and global food production 4 . In most countries of Africa and the Middle East, agricultural 52 productivity will decline in the near future 4 , because of climate change, land degradation, and 53 groundwater depletion 5 . Agricultural selection, from the early steps of domestication to modern-54 day crop breeding, has resulted in a marked decrease in agrobiodiversity 6,7 . Today, three cereal 55 4 crops alone, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa) account 56 for more than half of the globally consumed calories 8 . 57Many of today's major cereal crops, including rice and maize, originated in relatively humid 58 tropical and sub-tropical regions 9,10 . Although plant breeding has adapted the major cereal crops 59 to a wide range of climates and cultivation practices, there is limited genetic diversity within these 60 few plant species for cultivation in the most extreme environments. On the other hand, crop wild 61 relatives and orphan crops are often adapted to extreme environments and their utility to unlock 62 marginal lands for agriculture has recently regained interest 2,6,[11][12][13][14] . Current technological advances 63 in genomics and genome editing provide an opportunity to rapidly domesticate wild relatives and 64 to improve orphan crops 15,16 . De novo domestication of wild species or rapid improvement of semi-65 domesticated crops can be achieved in less than a decade by targeting a few key genes 6 . 66White fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) (Fig. 1) is an indigenous African millet species with 67 a great potential for agriculture in marginal environments 17,18 . Fonio is cultivated under a large 68 range of environmental conditions, from a tropical monsoon climate in western Guinea to a hot, 69 arid desert climate (BWh) in the Sahel zone. Some extra-early matur...

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“…In this paper, we focus on white fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf), a neglected crop endemic to West African Sahelian countries (Portères 1976), the cultivation of which extends from 8° to 14° N latitude and from Senegal in the west to Lake Chad in the east (Cruz et al 2011). For the Lambo and Akposso in Togo, the Dogon in Mali, and the Peul, Bassari, Bedik, and Koniagui in Senegal and Guinea, fonio has great cultural value: it is the main food during traditional ceremonies such as marriages, baptisms, sacrifices, or funerals (Adoukonou-Sagbadja et al 2006;de Lestrange and Passot-Guevara 1981;Dieterlen 1955;Gessain 1989).…”

Section: Fonio (Digitaria Exilis (Kippist) Stapf): a Socially Embeddementioning

confidence: 99%

Fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf): A Socially Embedded Cereal for Food and Nutrition Security in Senegal

Diop

Guèye

Agbangba

et al. 2018

EBL

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Agricultural diversification with neglected and underutilized species is a viable way to sustainably increase the productivity of agrosystems. Understanding the social, cultural, and ecological roles of these species is crucial for their promotion. White fonio (Digitaria exilis), a neglected cereal endemic to West African Sahelian countries, is recognized as a crop for the future due to its cultural, nutritional, and economic values. In this study, we described fonio farming systems in Senegal through an ethnobotanical approach. As expected in family farming systems, farmers largely practiced diversified subsistence agriculture on small plots and relied on local seed exchange networks. The importance of fonio varied among agroecological zones, ethnic groups, and gender. In the Groundnut Basin, where agriculture is more mechanized, late-maturing landraces of fonio are cultivated as a cash crop rather than a staple crop. However, in southern Senegal, where food shortages are recurrent, fonio is more widespread and the cultivation of both early- and late-maturing landraces contributes to local food security. These differences also reflect the cultural status of fonio: different among ethnic groups and more important for women than for men. Finally, the regressive dynamics of fonio cultivation in most regions emphasizes the need to develop integrated conservation and promotion strategies that take into account the diversity of social and agronomical roles of the plant.

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Le fonio, une céréale africaine

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of fonio millet (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> Stapf) in the Southeast of Senegal

Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of fonio millet (<i>Digitaria exilis</i> Stapf) in the Southeast of Senegal

Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate

Fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf): A Socially Embedded Cereal for Food and Nutrition Security in Senegal

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