Le Fihavanana À Madagascar : Lien Social Et Économique Des Communautés Rurales

Sandron, Frédéric

doi:10.3917/rtm.195.0507

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Scholarly accounts of Madagascar display a robust imbalance between a widespread and openly articulated normative code of relatedness that pronounces, on the one hand, solidarity, trust or mutual kindness as core elements of Malagasy culture, and, on the other, conflictual issues and an often unspoken ‘darker’ social undercurrent of envy and resentment. For several decades, norms and values that promote solidarity and compassion towards others have been discussed and explained through the Malagasy concept of fihavanana (Dahl 1999; Dez 1981; Kneitz 2014b; Njara 1992; Sandron 2008; Wallner 2016), a term that roughly translates as friendship, kinship or mutual goodwill. Fihavanana is rooted in a broader conception whereby individual agency is generally suspect, and thus it promotes the collective projects of a solidary moral group.…”

Section: Fihavanana and The Foundation Of Envy In Madagascarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed circles of mistrust: envy, aspirations and urban sociality in coastal Madagascar

Desplat¹

2018

Africa

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In this article, I examine the fear of others’ envy among young students and graduates in the port city of Mahajanga, Madagascar. Although the city provides a favourable environment in relation to the economy, employment and general well-being, many young people from middle-class milieus worry that their aspirations will remain unfulfilled because of envious peers who resent them for any advantage they might have gained. While malicious envy is most expected within close social relations in which social comparison and competition are prevalent, most social actors respond to this threat with tactical practices of secrecy that arguably help to secure an individual's well-being and shield them from unsocial behaviour. I scrutinize these micro-politics of life projects, social comparison, increasing inequalities and a rising sense of mutual mistrust. Yet, I depart from approaches that frame envy as a human condition that socially produces either a prosocial levelling mechanism or a destructive force that bulldozes social bonds. Instead, I understand envy as an assemblage that points to intertwined and often ambivalent social aspects. For many young individuals, overcoming their fear of envy is part of becoming a complete person, a sign of being successful and a responsible adult.

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Section: Fihavanana and The Foundation Of Envy In Madagascarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed circles of mistrust: envy, aspirations and urban sociality in coastal Madagascar

Desplat¹

2018

Africa

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“…L'entrée de la firme dans le système agraire local dessine les premières lignes d'une rupture dans la gestion du travail et de l'entraide. Elle accélère le mouvement de monétarisation et de marchandisation des relations [voir Gannon et Sandron 2005 ;Sandron 2008].…”

Section: Une Modification Des Relations D'entraideunclassified

Recompositions inattendues d’un système agraire malgache par l’agrobusiness

Medernach¹,

Burnod²

2013

etudesrurales

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“…It may be limited to a particular family or clan, but does not necessarily affect the entire community [4]. Still strictly respected by the fokonolona (the entire community, defined as a "set of people, households living in the same space, which can be linked to it by their subsistence activities; a lineage; a set of people linked to each other by their way of life depending on natural resources" [5]) dina, fady and fihavanana (a set of rules and norms that define a code of good conduct in Malagasy society [6,7]) form part of the pillars of the self-regulatory social system, which governs the community's use of natural resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Traditional Knowledge through Biocultural Community Protocols in Madagascar: Do Not Forget the “B” in BCP

Rakotondrabe

Girard

2021

Sustainability

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As in many other countries in the south, the traditional knowledge (TK) of local communities in Madagascar is facing extinction. Biocultural community protocols (BCP), introduced in Madagascar following the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol (2010) and defined by the Mo’otz Kuxtal Voluntary Guidelines as “a wide range of expressions, articulations, rules and practices produced by communities to indicate how they wish to engage in negotiations with stakeholders”, holds out hopes for TK protection. By analysing two pilot BCPs in Madagascar, one established around the Motrobe (Cinnamosma fragrans) with a view to strengthening the existing value chain (BCP in Mariarano and Betsako) and the second initially established around plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (BCP of the farmers in Analavory), this study aims to assess the place and value ascribed to TK in the overall BCP development process and to analyse whether or not the process has helped to strengthen and revitalise TK at the community level. The ethnographic studies show commonalities in both BCP, in particular their main focus on access and benefit-sharing mechanisms, this against the backdrop of an economic model which stresses the importance of financial and institutional incentives; and conversely, a relative disregard for what relates to the biocultural dimension of TK. Local taboos (fady) as well as traditional dina (social conventions), which have long allowed for the regulation of access to common resources/TK, are scarcely mentioned. Based on these findings, we conclude that in order to revitalise TK, the process of developing BCPs should recognise and give special importance to TK, considering it as a biocultural whole, bound together with the territory, local customs, and biological resources; or else, TK is likely to remain a commodity to be valued economically, or a component like any other.

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Le Fihavanana À Madagascar : Lien Social Et Économique Des Communautés Rurales

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Closed circles of mistrust: envy, aspirations and urban sociality in coastal Madagascar

Closed circles of mistrust: envy, aspirations and urban sociality in coastal Madagascar

Recompositions inattendues d’un système agraire malgache par l’agrobusiness

Protecting Traditional Knowledge through Biocultural Community Protocols in Madagascar: Do Not Forget the “B” in BCP

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