Le dimorphisme sexuel au XXI<sup>e</sup>siècle

Junien, Claudine; Gabory, Anne; Attig, Linda

doi:10.1051/medsci/2012282017

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There are three key periods (embryonic, foetal, lactation) during which environmental stress exerts a greater effect. Sexual dimorphism in the DOHaD context of health and disease is a phenomenon among a variety of species, but it generally occurs in most common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, hypertension, neurological disorders and cancer (Junien et al 2012, Kalisch-Smith et al 2017. NCDs continue to be the leading cause of deaths worldwide and were responsible for 38 million of the world's 56 million deaths in 2012, and WHO predicts a 17% increase in NCDs during the next decade (Mendis et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early sex-dependent differences in response to environmental stress

et al. 2018

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Developmental plasticity enables the appearance of long-term effects in offspring caused by exposure to environmental stressors during embryonic and foetal life. These long-term effects can be traced to pre-and post-implantation development, and in both cases, the effects are usually sex specific. During preimplantation development, male and female embryos exhibit an extensive transcriptional dimorphism mainly driven by incomplete X chromosome inactivation. These early developmental stages are crucial for the establishment of epigenetic marks that will be conserved throughout development, making it a particularly susceptible period for the appearance of long-term epigenetic-based phenotypes. Later in development, gonadal formation generates hormonal differences between the sexes, and male and female placentae exhibit different responses to environmental stressors. The maternal environment, including hormones and environmental insults during pregnancy, contributes to sex-specific placental development that controls genetic and epigenetic programming during foetal development, regulating sex-specific differences, including sex-specific epigenetic responses to environmental hazards, leading to long-term effects. This review summarizes several human and animal studies examining sex-specific responses to environmental stressors during both the periconception period (caused by differences in sex chromosome dosage) and placental development (caused by both sex chromosomes and hormones). The identification of relevant sex-dependent trajectories caused by sex chromosomes and/or sex hormones is essential to define diagnostic markers and prevention/intervention protocols.Reproduction (2018) 155 R39-R51

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early sex-dependent differences in response to environmental stress

et al. 2018

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“…Since the 1980s, the two terms are no longer interchangeable, thanks to a new science, namely, epigenetics, which fills the age-old gap between the innate and the acquired. Education obviously plays a major role in the occurrence and sustainability of these changes [10].…”

Section: What Role(s) Does Life Course Education Play On Lifestyle Ha...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Course Education, Health, and Ageing Well: A Short Inter-Academic Report

et al. 2023

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After the first wave of the COVID 19 pandemic, the severity of the disease in certain countries was attributed to a lack of basic education among the inhabitants. We therefore sought to elucidate the role of education and health literacy in health behaviours. This work demonstrates that, alongside genetics, the affective and educational family environment as well as general education, has a strong influence on health starting from the very first days of life. Epigenetics plays a major role in the determination of health and disease (DOHAD), as well as in the characterization of gender. Other factors such as socio-economic level, parental education, and school in urban or rural areas, play a major role in the differential acquisition of health literacy. This in turn determines the propensity to engage in healthy lifestyle, or risky behaviours and substance abuse, but also determines compliance with hygiene rules and adherence to vaccines and treatments. The combination of all these elements and lifestyle choices facilitates the emergence of metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes), which promote cardiovascular, renal, and neurodegenerative diseases, explaining why less educated individuals have shorter survival and spend more years of life with disability. After having demonstrated the impact of the educational level on health and longevity, the members of the present inter-academic group propose specific educational actions at three levels: 1) Children, their parents, and teachers; 2) health professionals; and 3) aging people, emphasizing that these crucial actions can only be carried out with the unfailing support of state and academic authorities.

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“…La gamétogenèse et la résistance à la reprogrammation sont aussi différentes entre le mâle et la femelle. On observe ainsi un dimorphisme sexuel, tant au niveau basal que pour les réponses à court terme ou à long terme [30]. [21].…”

Section: éPigénétique Et Environnement : La Révolutionunclassified

“…Les phases précoces du développement offrent une large gamme d'opportunités éphémères pour façonner les marques épigénétiques, la conformation de la chromatine, au gré de l'environnement, selon le stade de développement, l'âge, le statut physiopathologique, le sexe et, plus tard, le genre [30]. Les cellules ES 6 ont une chromatine « ouverte » et active.…”

Section: Pourquoi Les Phases Précoces Du Développement Constituent Deunclassified