Le bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) : composition et principales utilisations

Abstract

The bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): composition and principal uses. Abstract-Introduction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a herbaceous plant, cultivated largely in tropical and subtropical areas of both hemispheres. This plant is used for its fibre; mainly for its calyx, which is of three types: green, red and dark red. Composition. The red calyxes are the most used and are characterised by their concentration of anthocyanin, which can reach 1.5 g•kg-1 of dry matter. Delphinidin 3-sambubioside and cyanidin 3-sambubioside are the major anthocyanins with, respectively, (71 and 29)% of total anthocyanins. Organic acids, minerals and amino acids are present in the calyx, leaves and seeds of H. sabdariffa at variable levels depending on the variety and geographical area. Uses. The uses of different parts of H. sabdariffa are many and varied both in food and in traditional medicine. The calyx, with high concentration of acids, vitamin C and especially anthocyanins, is the most used part of the plant. It is mainly used for the production of soft drinks and tonic without alcohol. The seeds of H. sabdariffa, with their richness in protein (26%), fat (20%) and total sugars (40%), are widely used in the diet in many African countries. The leaves are a good source of nutrients and are used in Africa in the preparation of sauces. Senegal / Hibiscus sabdariffa / calyx / leaves / seeds / anthocyanins / proximate composition / uses Le bissap (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) : composition et principales utilisations. Résumé-Introduction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. est une plante herbacée, vivace, localisée dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales des deux hémisphères. L'espèce est exploitée pour sa fibre et principalement pour ses calices qui sont de trois types : vert, rouge et rouge foncé. Composition. Les calices de type rouge sont les plus utilisés et se caractérisent par leur concentration élevée en anthocyanes qui peut atteindre 1,5 g•kg-1. La delphinidine 3-sambubioside et la cyanidine 3-sambubioside sont les anthocyanes majoritaires avec, respectivement, (71 et 29) % des anthocyanes totaux. Les acides organiques, minéraux et acides aminés sont présents dans les calices, feuilles et graines d'H. sabdariffa à des teneurs variables suivant la variété et la zone géographique. Utilisations. Les utilisations des différentes parties de l'H. sabdariffa sont nombreuses et variées aussi bien dans l'alimentation que dans la médecine traditionnelle. Les calices, du fait de leur concentration élevée en acides, vitamine C et surtout en anthocyanes, constituent la partie de la plante la plus valorisée. Ils sont surtout utilisés pour la production de boissons désaltérantes et tonifiantes sans alcool. Les graines d'H. sabdariffa de par leur richesse en protéine (26 %), lipides (20 %) et sucres totaux (40 %) sont très utilisées dans l'alimentation dans de nombreux pays africains. Les feuilles constituent une bonne source de nutriments et sont utilisées en Afrique pour la préparation de sauces.

Identification of roselle varieties through simple discriminating physicochemical characteristics using multivariate analysis

“…Currently, the demand for concentrates of H. sabdariffa calyx extracts is increasing for the production of natural dyes. Therefore, the culture and trade of the calices of H. sabdariffa is becoming an interesting source of income for the whole value chain especially in West African countries because of increasing exportation demand from Europe and North America (Cissé et al, 2009). Many varieties of H. sabdariffa are now cultivated in Senegal with a whole production estimated at around 10,000 t year -1 .…”

“…It is cultivated in many tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia and Central America (Morton, 1987). The calices of this plant are appreciated for their use in beverages, syrups, jams and concentrates (Cissé et al, 2009;Costa-Rocha et al, 2014). The resulting products have an interesting acidity and a bright red color due to the presence of anthocyanins especially delphinidin and cyanidin 3-D-sambubioside (Chang et al, 2012;Cissé et al, 2009;Idham et al, 2012;Março et al, 2011).…”

“…The calices of this plant are appreciated for their use in beverages, syrups, jams and concentrates (Cissé et al, 2009;Costa-Rocha et al, 2014). The resulting products have an interesting acidity and a bright red color due to the presence of anthocyanins especially delphinidin and cyanidin 3-D-sambubioside (Chang et al, 2012;Cissé et al, 2009;Idham et al, 2012;Março et al, 2011). Their high content in polyphenolic compounds provides them notable antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities (Mohd-Esa et al, 2010;Serrano-Cruz et al, 2013).…”

“…The production yield of these different varieties may vary from 250 to 300 kg ha -1 of calices except for the Vimto variety with an average of 500 kg ha -1 (Cissé et al, 2009). The Vimto variety is the most demanded by the beverage industry, because of its high production and its organoleptic features (Cissé et al, 2009;Gueye et al, 2012).…”

“…The Vimto variety is the most demanded by the beverage industry, because of its high production and its organoleptic features (Cissé et al, 2009;Gueye et al, 2012). Discrimination of the calices from different varieties is still mainly based on morphological criteria that are not always adapted.…”