LCPFCT-A Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithm for Solving Generalized Continuity Equations

Boris, J. P.; Landsberg, Alexandra; Oran, Elaine S.; Gardner, John

doi:10.21236/ada265011

Cited by 210 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The present procedure used for solving these conservation equations is by a time-step splitting method. Each set of conservation equations is solved independently using the explicit FCT-algorithm of Boris and Book [24], and is described in detail in [25]. The crosscoupling source terms are added explicitly at the end of the dispersed-phase step.…”

Section: Solution Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts

Schwer¹,

Kailasanath²

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)10. SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/ MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)12. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis is the third in a series of reports focusing on numerical simulations of blasts and blast mitigation. This report uses the models developed in the first two to specifically examine the effect of water mists consisting of sub-50-micron droplets on blast shock-fronts and the development of quasi-static overpressure in enclosed spaces. In unconfined blasts, results showed that the water mist does not directly suppress the secondary reactions. Mitigation of the shock-front is accomplished mainly through momentum extraction and not vaporization. Quantitative results determined the exact effect of 5 to 50 micron sized droplets on the shock-front. Droplet size was found to play a secondary role compared to mass loading. Smaller droplets were less effective close to the explosive, while further downstream, the optimum droplet size depended on mass loading. The total amount of water mass between the observer and explosive was the most important factor in determining the amount of mitigation seen by the observer. Simulations were also conducted to determine the effectiveness of water mist to mitigate quasi-static pressure build-up in enclosures. Comparisons with experiments conducted at NSWC were used to validate the models and showed that the models could predict the overall mitigation efficiency to within a few percent. Absolute values of the simulation quasi-static overpressure tended to be slightly higher than experimental values, most likely because various loss mechanisms (incomplete combustion, absorption of energy by walls, and venting) were not incorporated into the model. Results also suggested that multi-dimensional simulations were required compared with simple thermodynamic and one-dimensional computations. Finally, additional needed computational work is summarized in the report. Many of the...

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Section: Solution Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts

Schwer¹,

Kailasanath²

2006

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“…We can therefore use the same numerical methods as in Ref. 11 to solve the new set of equations: (i) the flux corrected transport (FCT) scheme 23,24 for the 0th and 1st moment equations, (ii) 4th-order Runge-Kutta integration 25 for the fluid temperature equations, and (iii) tridiagonal method 25 for the Poisson's equation. Moreover, to ensure the stability against sharp gradients, we use the artificial viscosity concept introduced by Lapidus.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of Expanding Argon Nanoplasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic model for expansion and collisional relaxation of x-ray laser-excited multi-component nanoplasma

Saxena

Ziaja

2016

Physics of Plasmas

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The irradiation of an atomic cluster with a femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulse results in a nanoplasma formation. This typically occurs within a few hundreds femtoseconds. By this time the x-ray pulse is over, and the direct photoinduced processes no longer contributing. All created electrons within the nanoplasma are thermalized. The nanoplasma thus formed is a mixture of atoms, electrons and ions of various charges. While expanding, it is undergoing electron impact ionization and three-body recombination. Below we present a hydrodynamic model to describe the dynamics of such multi-component nanoplasma. The model equations are derived by taking the moments of the corresponding Boltzmann kinetic equations. We include the equations obtained, together with the source terms due to electron impact ionization and three-body recombination, in our hydrodynamic solver. Model predictions for a test case: expanding spherical Ar nanoplasma are obtained. With this model we complete the two-step approach to simulate x-ray created nanoplasmas, enabling computationally efficient simulations of their picosecond dynamics. Moreover, the hydrodynamic framework including collisional processes can be easily extended for other source terms and then applied to follow relaxation of any finite non-isothermal multi-component nanoplasma with its components relaxed into local thermodynamic equilibrium.

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“…Intrinsic thermodynamic limitations to the evaporation rate are not taken into account as factor that may possibly limit the strength of the explosion. The numerical method used for integration of the Euler equations is based on flux-corrected transport [26]. The model can be solved on a computational domain and numerical mesh of any dimensionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blast from explosive evaporation of carbon dioxide: experiment, modeling and physics

Voort¹,

Berg²,

Roekaerts

et al. 2012

Shock Waves

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Explosive evaporation of a superheated liquid is a relevant hazard in the process industry. A vessel rupture during storage, transport or handling may lead to devastating blast effects. In order to assess the risk associated with this hazard or to design protective measures, an accurate prediction model for the blast generated after vessel rupture is needed. For this reason a fundamental understanding of the effects of a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is essential. In this paper, we report on a number of well-defined BLEVE experiments with 40-l liquid CO 2 bottles. The existing inertia-limited BLEVE model has been validated by its application to these experiments. Good qualitative agreement between model and experiment was found, while quantitatively the results provide a safe estimate. Possible model improvements taking into account the finite rate of evaporation are described. These comprise phenomena such as bubble nucleation and growth rate, and the two-phase flow regime. Suggestions for improved experiments are given as well.

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LCPFCT-A Flux-Corrected Transport Algorithm for Solving Generalized Continuity Equations

Cited by 210 publications

References 34 publications

Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts

Blast Mitigation by Water Mist, (3) Mitigation of Confined and Unconfined Blasts

Hydrodynamic model for expansion and collisional relaxation of x-ray laser-excited multi-component nanoplasma

Blast from explosive evaporation of carbon dioxide: experiment, modeling and physics

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