LC-PUFA from photosynthetic microalgae: occurrence, biosynthesis, and prospects in biotechnology

Khozin‐Goldberg, Inna; Iskandarov, Umidjon; Cohen, Zvi

doi:10.1007/s00253-011-3441-x

Cited by 181 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The main source of n-3 FA for human consumption is fish oil (Turchini et al 2012). However, fish do not produce high amounts of these FAs but obtain them in their diet from the primary producers of n-3 PUFA which are microalgae (Harel et al 2002;Atalah et al 2007;Khozin-Goldberg et al 2011;Turchini et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing LC-PUFA production in Thalassiosira pseudonana by overexpressing the endogenous fatty acid elongase genes

Cook

Hildebrand

2015

J Appl Phycol

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The health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are naturally synthesized by diatoms through consecutive steps of fatty acid elongase and desaturase enzymes. In Thalassiosira pseudonana, these fatty acids constitute about 10-20 % of the total fatty acids, with EPA accumulation being five to ten times higher than DHA. In order to identify the subcellular localization of enzymes in the pathway of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in T. pseudonana and to manipulate the production of EPA and DHA, we generated constructs for overexpressing each of the T. pseudonana long-chain fatty acid elongase genes. Full-length proteins were fused to GFP, and transgenic lines were generated. In addition, overexpressed native proteins with no GFP fusion were tested. The subcellular localization of each elongase protein was determined. We then examined the total amount of lipids and analyzed the fatty acid profile in each of the transgenic lines compared to wild type. Lines with overexpressed elongases showed an increase of up to 1.4-fold in EPA and up to 4.5-fold in DHA, and the type of fatty acid that was increased (EPA vs. DHA) depended on the type of elongase that was overexpressed. This data informs future metabolic engineering approaches to further improve EPA and DHA content in diatoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing LC-PUFA production in Thalassiosira pseudonana by overexpressing the endogenous fatty acid elongase genes

Cook

Hildebrand

2015

J Appl Phycol

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“…They are known as the primary producers of a variety of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in aquatic environments and numerous studies have shown that nutraceutically important omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) PUFAs are quite abundant in microalgae (Otleş and Pire 2001, Bigogno et al 2002, Ikawa 2004, Patil et al 2007, Khozin-Goldberg et al 2011. As the global ω3 and ω6 PUFAs market is expanding at a remarkable rate, microalgae have gained considerable attention as an alternative source to fish oil due to their fast growth rate and high PUFA contents (Seto et al 1984, Benemann et al 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and description of a Korean microalga, Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020, and analysis of its biotechnological potential

Hong¹,

Kim²,

Chang³

et al. 2012

ALGAE

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A eukaryotic microalga, Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020, was isolated from garden soil at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, South Korea and its biotechnological potential was assessed. Optimal growth was obtained when the culture was incubated at 25°C and around pH 7.0. The total lipid content of the isolate was 15.5% of dry weight and its most abundant fatty acid was nutritionally important C18:3 ω3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA). In addition, a high-value fatty alcohol, hexadecenol (C 20 H 40 O), was also identified in this photosynthetic microorganism. Hence, A. quadricellulare KNUA020 appears to be promising for use in the production of microalgae-based biochemicals.

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“…Research on lipid metabolism in microalgae has flourished in recent years due to their potential as a rich source of v-3 fatty acids (Guschina and Harwood, 2006;Khozin-Goldberg et al, 2011) and as a feedstock for biodiesel (Hu et al, 2008b;Rosenberg et al, 2008;Beer et al, 2009;Radakovits et al, 2010;Wijffels and Barbosa, 2010;Merchant et al, 2012;Work et al, 2012). Oils produced by microalgae resemble that of plants (Hu et al, 2008b), with the exception that they contain higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) species (Harwood and Guschina, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Has a Single -3 Fatty Acid Desaturase That Localizes to the Chloroplast and Impacts Both Plastidic and Extraplastidic Membrane Lipids

et al. 2013

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The v-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids account for more than 50% of total fatty acids in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where they are present in both plastidic and extraplastidic membranes. In an effort to elucidate the lipid desaturation pathways in this model alga, a mutant with more than 65% reduction in total v-3 fatty acids was isolated by screening an insertional mutant library using gas chromatography-based analysis of total fatty acids of cell pellets. Molecular genetics analyses revealed the insertion of a TOC1 transposon 113 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of a putative v-3 desaturase (CrFAD7; locus Cre01.g038600). Nuclear genetic complementation of crfad7 using genomic DNA containing CrFAD7 restored the wild-type fatty acid profile. Under standard growth conditions, the mutant is indistinguishable from the wild type except for the fatty acid difference, but when exposed to short-term heat stress, its photosynthesis activity is more thermotolerant than the wild type. A comparative lipidomic analysis of the crfad7 mutant and the wild type revealed reductions in all v-3 fatty acid-containing plastidic and extraplastidic glycerolipid molecular species. CrFAD7 was localized to the plastid by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization. Transformation of the crfad7 plastidial genome with a codon-optimized CrFAD7 restored the v-3 fatty acid content of both plastidic and extraplastidic lipids. These results show that CrFAD7 is the only v-3 fatty acid desaturase expressed in C. reinhardtii, and we discuss possible mechanisms of how a plastid-located desaturase may impact the v-3 fatty acid content of extraplastidic lipids.

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LC-PUFA from photosynthetic microalgae: occurrence, biosynthesis, and prospects in biotechnology

Cited by 181 publications

References 115 publications

Enhancing LC-PUFA production in Thalassiosira pseudonana by overexpressing the endogenous fatty acid elongase genes

Enhancing LC-PUFA production in Thalassiosira pseudonana by overexpressing the endogenous fatty acid elongase genes

Isolation and description of a Korean microalga, Asterarcys quadricellulare KNUA020, and analysis of its biotechnological potential

The Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Has a Single -3 Fatty Acid Desaturase That Localizes to the Chloroplast and Impacts Both Plastidic and Extraplastidic Membrane Lipids

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