LC oscillator design at 10-GHz using substrate capacitance with scalable varactor parameters extraction technique

Fully integrated frequency synthesizer design for wireless network application with digital programmability

“…In this case, accurate model of the varactor is essential in the VCO performance estimation. The varactor model was estimated with extraction technique reported in [9]. Note that there are eight effective numbers of channels in each band, although only four channels are utilized at high band.…”

Characterization and modeling of silicon devices for RF applications

“…To further validate the characterized symmetrical spiral inductors, differential spiral inductors were adopted in optimizing a low power and low phase noise fully integrated 2.4 GHz VCO. The Ipart of the material in this chapter has been published in the journals, [34,103] and conference proceedings, [104,105] VCO achieved a phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency with approximately 4.5 mAo The supply voltage was 3.0 V.…”

“…It is worthwhile to mention here that the library of symmetrical spiral inductors was designed and optimized at their respective dc inductance values. The results and conclusions from these characterizations were adopted in the design ofvarious RFIC [34,105,119,120] and spiral inductors [114]. One kind ofRFIC design, VCO, will be described in Chapter 6.…”

“…One of the most important steps in numerical optimization is setting the initial value of the parameter. This technique could be time consuming since a few iterations are needed to achieve reasonable results in the Ipart of the material in this chapter has been published in the journals, [34,103] and conference proceedings, [104,105] fitting process. This is mainly because normally a wide range of initial values are set to relax the convergence.…”

“…Scalable models have been obtained for both types ofvaractors. The results ofthis work have been adopted in the design of an on-chip 10 GHz oscillator, [105].…”