LC–MS-MS Method for the Analysis of Miscellaneous Drugs in Wastewater During Football Games III

Stamper, Brandon; Gul, Waseem; Godfrey, Murrell; Gul, Shahbaz W.; ElSohly, Mahmoud A.

doi:10.1093/jat/bkw081

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Limited studies show the potential for WBE to monitor the consumption of pharmaceuticals in subsets of the population and during specific events (Burgard et al, 2019;Gomez-Canela et al, 2019;Gul, Gul, Stamper, Godfrey, & ElSohly, 2018;Gushgari et al, 2018;Kosma, Nannou, Boti, & Albanis, 2019;Mackulak et al, 2016;Ort, Lawrence, Reungoat, Eaglesham, et al, 2010;van Dyken et al, 2016). In this light, three WBE studies focused on the consumption of opioids and benzodiazepines during football games at the Mississippi University campus (Gul et al, 2018(Gul et al, , 2016Stamper et al, 2016) and found substantial increases in tramadol and hydrocodone while concentrations in the municipal IWW samples were unchanged.…”

Section: Spatial Comparisons Of Pharmaceutical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future perspectives for wastewater-based epidemiology as a monitoring tool for pharmaceutical use

Boogaerts

Ahmed

Choi

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Spatial Comparisons Of Pharmaceutical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future perspectives for wastewater-based epidemiology as a monitoring tool for pharmaceutical use

Boogaerts

Ahmed

Choi

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Most of the published analytical methods for the determination of OAs comprise a rather limited number of parent compounds and/or their human metabolites [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The most comprehensive list of OAs was covered by a multiresidue LC-MS/MS method developed by Baker and Kasprzyk-Hordern [20], who employed solid-phase extraction in combination with ultra-performace liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for wide scope multiclass assessment of 65 pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs, including simultaneous determination of twenty OAs and their metabolites.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of opioid analgesics and their metabolites in municipal wastewaters and river water by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Krizman-Matasic

Kostanjevečki

Ahel

et al. 2018

Journal of Chromatography A

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Although published literature provides a clear demonstration of widespread occurrence of opioid analgesics (OAs) in the aquatic environment, analytical methods suitable for a systematic study of this pharmaceutical class, which would include a broad spectrum of opioid analgesics and their metabolites, are still missing. In this work, a comprehensive multiresidue method for quantitative analysis of 27 opioid analgesics and their metabolites, including 2 morphine glucuronide conjugates, was developed and validated for three matrices: raw wastewater (RW), secondary effluent (SE) and river water. The method comprised different classes of opioid analgesics, including natural opiates (morphine and codeine), their semi-synthetic derivatives (hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone and buprenorphine) as well as fully synthetic opioids such as methadone, fentanyl, sufentanil, propoxyphene and tramadol. The optimized enrichment procedure involved mixed-mode, strong cation-exchange sorbent in combination with a sequential elution procedure. The extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a Synergy Polar column coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Accurate quantiﬁcation of target OAs was achieved using 19 deuterated analogues as surrogate standards. Method accuracies for RW, SE and river water varied in the range from 91 to 126%, 74 to 120% and 75 to 116%, respectively. Careful optimization of the procedure allowed reliable determination of OAs with method quantification limits in the low ng/L range (RW: 0.3-3.5 ng/L; SE: 0.2-1.9 ng/L, river water: 0.1-0.8 ng/L. The developed method was applied for analysis of RW, SE and river water samples from Croatia. The concentrations of individual OAs in municipal wastewater varied in a wide range (from < QL to 859 ng/L) and the most prevalent representatives were tramadol, codeine, morphine and methadone and their derivatives. Elevated concentrations of morphine glucuronides (up to 370 ng/L) found in raw municipal wastewater indicated their importance in the overall morphine mass balance.

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“…In 2008, Batt et al [25] analysed pharmaceuticals in effluent wastewater in New Mexico and surface water in Ohio. Stamper et al [26] and Foppe et al [27] investigated the impact of special events, such as football games and solar eclipse, on drug use through wastewater analysis in communities in Mississippi and Kentucky. Burgard et al [28] investigated prescription stimulants use on a College Campus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater analysis for nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis in New York City

Centazzo

Frederick

Jacox

et al. 2019

Forensic Sciences Research

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According to current surveys and overdoses data, there is a drug crisis in the USA. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an evolving discipline that analyses wastewater samples to detect drugs and metabolites to estimate drug consumption in a certain community. This study demonstrates how drug relative presence could be tracked by testing wastewater, providing real-time results, in different boroughs in New York City throughout 1 year. We developed and fully validated two analytical methods, one for 21 drugs and metabolites, including nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis markers; and another for the normalization factor creatinine. Both methods were performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using positive electrospray ionization, achieving a limit of quantification of 5-10 ng/L for drugs and metabolites, and 0.01 mg/L for creatinine. These methods were applied to 48 one-time grab wastewater samples collected from six wastewater treatment plants in New York City (Manhattan, The Bronx, Queens and Brooklyn), eight different times throughout 2016, before and after major holidays, including Memorial Day, 4th of July, Labour Day and New Year's. In this study, the drug group normalized concentrations present in the wastewater samples, in decreasing order, were cocaine, nicotine, opioids, cannabis and amphetamines. When looking at individual compounds, the one with the highest normalized concentration was benzoylecgonine (BE), followed by cotinine, morphine and 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH). To estimate community use, these concentrations were multiplied by the corresponding correction factor, and the most present were THCCOOH, followed by BE, cotinine and morphine. When comparing the treatment plants by drug group (nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis), samples collected from The Bronx had the highest normalized concentrations for nicotine, cocaine and opioids; The Bronx and Manhattan for cannabis; and Manhattan and Queens for amphetamines. In most of the cases, no effect due to holiday was observed. This study provides the first snapshot of drug use in New York City and how that changes between key calendar dates employing wastewater analysis.

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LC–MS-MS Method for the Analysis of Miscellaneous Drugs in Wastewater During Football Games III

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Current and future perspectives for wastewater-based epidemiology as a monitoring tool for pharmaceutical use

Current and future perspectives for wastewater-based epidemiology as a monitoring tool for pharmaceutical use

Simultaneous analysis of opioid analgesics and their metabolites in municipal wastewaters and river water by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Wastewater analysis for nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, opioids and cannabis in New York City

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