LC-MS/MS analysis of BADGE, NOGEs, and their derivatives migrated from food and beverage metal cans

Hwang, Joung Boon; Lee, Subi; Lee, Jung Eun; Choi, Ji‐Yeob; Park, Se-Jong; Kang, Yun-Sook

doi:10.1080/19440049.2020.1791974

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a product of the reaction of BPA with epichlorohydrin [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. It can be found in canned foods, beverages, paints, and adhesives [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BADGE can form derivatives under certain storage conditions. Hydrolyzed compounds such as BADGE∙H 2 O and BADGE∙2H 2 O are formed during contact with aqueous and acidic foodstuffs [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Chlorinated derivates like BADGE∙HCl, BADGE∙2HCl, and BADGE∙HCl∙H 2 O are formed in the presence of hydrochloric acid, salty foodstuffs and during thermal coating treatment [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BADGE and its derivates show estrogenic and androgenic activity. In addition, in vitro studies have indicated that they have genotoxic, cytotoxic, and reduced fertility effects [ 13 , 14 ]. Due to the proven toxicity of BADGE and its hydrolyzed and chlorinated derivates, Commission Regulation (EC) No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Tuzimski

Szubartowski

2021

Molecules

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In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of seven bisphenols (bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), BADGE∙2H2O, BADGE∙H2O, BADGE∙2HCl) in human breast milk samples. The dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure performed well for the majority of the analytes with recoveries in the range 57–88% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) of less than 9.4%. During the d-SPE stage, no significant matrix effect was observed thanks to the application of different pairs of salts such as zirconium-dioxide-based sorbents (Z-Sep or Z-Sep +) and primary secondary amine (PSA) or QuEChERS Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-Lipid) and PSA. The method limits of quantification (mLOQs) for all investigated analytes were set at satisfactory low values in the range 171.89–235.11 ng mL−1. Analyte concentrations were determined as the average value from human breast milk matrix samples. The results show that the d-SPE/SPE procedure, especially with the application of EMR-Lipid and PSA, could be used for further bisphenol analyses in human breast milk samples.

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“…Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a product of the reaction of BPA with epichlorohydrin [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. It can be found in canned foods, beverages, paints, and adhesives [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Tuzimski

Szubartowski

2021

Molecules

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“…The most common sources are various epoxy-based adhesives, plastic polycarbonate containers for food storage, and plastic films for food packaging. The situation is aggravated when the food is heated in dishes using microwave ovens because heating increases the extraction rate of BPs significantly [ 15 , 16 ]. Therefore, the majority of bisphenols enter the human body with food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Solid Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection to Analyze Bisphenol A Bis (2,3-Dihydroxypropyl) Ether (BADGE 2H2O), Bisphenol F (BPF), and Bisphenol E (BPE) in Human Urine Samples

Tuzimski

Szubartowski

2021

IJERPH

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In this study, we propose a simple, cost-effective, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the simultaneous determination of the three bisphenols (BPs): bisphenol A bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE 2H2O), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol E (BPE) in human urine samples. The dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure performed well for the analytes with recoveries in the range of 74.3–86.5% and relative standard deviations (RSD%) less than 10%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for all investigated analytes were in the range of 11.42–22.35 ng mL−1. The method was validated at three concentration levels (1 × LOQ, 1.5 × LOQ, and 3 LOQ). During the bisphenols HPLC-FLD analysis, from 6 min a reinforcement (10 or 12) was used, therefore analytes might be identified in the small volume human urine samples. The results demonstrated clearly that the approach developed provides reliable, simple, and rapid quantification and identification of three bisphenols in a urine matrix and could be used for monitoring these analytes.

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“…Due to by-product formations, incomplete polymerization, degradation processes, etc., the obtained epoxy resins are not pure compounds and may contain contaminants that can easily migrate into the surrounding medium, such as food or beverages [1][2][3]. This problem has prompted a vast number of studies devoted to the analysis of migrants (mainly BPA, BADGE, and its conjugates), which are present in the food-contact can-coatings [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

et al. 2021

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The acetonitrile extracts of can-coating materials have been analyzed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). On the basis of detected ions [M + H]+, [M + NH4]+, [M + Na]+ and product ions, the ethoxylated butoxyethanol-bisphenol A diglycidyl ether adducts were identified in two of the analyzed extracts. Although the oxyethylene unit-containing compounds are widely used for the production of different kinds of materials, the ethoxylated species have not been earlier detected in epoxy resin can-coatings.

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LC-MS/MS analysis of BADGE, NOGEs, and their derivatives migrated from food and beverage metal cans

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Application of d-SPE before SPE and HPLC-FLD to Analyze Bisphenols in Human Breast Milk Samples

Application of Solid Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection to Analyze Bisphenol A Bis (2,3-Dihydroxypropyl) Ether (BADGE 2H2O), Bisphenol F (BPF), and Bisphenol E (BPE) in Human Urine Samples

Ethoxylated Butoxyethanol-BADGE Adducts—New Potential Migrants from Epoxy Resin Can Coating Material

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