LC-MS Analysis and Biological Activities of Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Christ’s Thorn, Jujube) Leaves from Tunisia Oasis

Abstract

Background and objectives: Natural products from plants and their biological potentialities have increased environmental concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, along with the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extracts using LC-MS. Methods:The plant materials were obtained from three Tunisian localities (Metlaoui, Degueche, and Tozeur). Results:The leaf extracts contained phenols (8.157 mg GAE/DW), flavonoids (4.42 mg Quercetin Eq/gDW), and tannins (1.62 mg Cat Eq. g −1 ). LC-MS analysis identified the rutin compound at a rate between 1.3 ± 0.005 µg/mL (Dgueche) and 2 ± 0.005 µg/mL (Metlaoui) while 3 ± 0.005 µg/mL in the extracts from the Tozeur. The extracts from the Tozeur had the highest antioxidant activity with a concentration for 50% inhibition of 0.125 mg/mL and the highest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae specie with a superior diameter of zone inhibition of about 27.5 mm and against Staphylococcus aureus specie with a diameter of 16 mm. In contrast, the extracts from the Deguech displayed stronger activity against Escherchia coli specie with a diameter of 13.5 mm. There were only two Tozeur extracts that exhibited activity against Candida albicans and Candida Sake species. Furthermore, treatment with methanolic extracts caused 66.60% mortality in Tribolium castaneum. Conclusions:This study showed that Ziziphus spina-christi extracts contained several components that had potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against some types of bacteria. Hence, these extracts or their components may be recommended as an eco-friendly alternative for synthetic insecticides and used as natural antioxidants in phototherapy.

Biological and technological evaluation of sidr (Ziziphus spina Christi L.) based high fat diet as antihyperlipidemic effects

“…While Sidr leaves had the lowest levels of antioxidant activity by DPPH, both powder and water extract (64.59-53.02%). These results were higher than previously reported by(Noutarki et al, 2017 andElaloui et al, 2022), who reported that the difference in the total phenols in sidr leaf extract may be due to the method of extraction, type of solvent used, and the season in which samples were collected. As well, there was a correlation between total phenols and flavonoids and antioxidant activities (Bader et al, Moreover, these results are also higher than the previously studied results by(Atwaa et al, 2022), who determined the TP, TF, and DPPH of fruit Sidr as fresh weight.…”

“…The results of the flavonoid compounds in the water extract of Sidr pulp indicated that rutin and apigenin-6, a rabinose-8-glactose, contained a large amount of flavonoid content. While, (Elaloui et al, 2022), found that rutin was identified as a major compound in Sidr leaves, quercetin and caffeic acid were identified too. The results recorded in Table 7.…”

A panoramic review on ethnomedicinal, therapeutic, phytochemical, and advance attributes, of the genus Ziziphus Mill., native to Pakistan

“…El-shahir et al (2022) confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds in Ziziphus spina-christi by using gas chromatography (GC) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These biologically active compounds obtained from leaves and fruits of Ziziphus spina-christi demonstrated potent results in vitro fungal activity against the fungal strain Alterania alternata.…”