LC-ESI/MS-Phytochemical Profiling with Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral and In Silico Pharmacological Properties of Algerian Asphodelus tenuifolius (Cav.) Organic Extracts

Abstract

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. (A. tenuifolius) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use to treat ailments. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid content evaluation using LC-ESI/MS analysis and various biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxicity) of organic extracts from the aerial parts of A. tenuifolius were analyzed. ADME tools were used to predict the potential of the identified compounds from the most potent extract as specific drugs. As shown, LC-ESI/MS results of chloroformic extract allowed the tentative identification of 12 compounds. Chloroformic extract was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity given by DPPH (IC50 = 25 µg/mL) as compared to the BHT standard (11.5 µg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assays (IC50 = 95.692 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity results showed that chloroformic extract has a highest activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, especially against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (IZ = 19.3 mm, MIC = 18.75 mg/mL, MBC = 37.5 mg/mL). The MBC/MIC ratio was evaluated to interpret the activity that was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Conversely, weaker antifungal activity was registered, and no antiviral activity was observed for all extracts against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 and Coxsakievirus B-3 viruses. Cytotoxic activity on VERO cell line results revealed that butanol extract was not toxic, with CC50 value of 1430 µg/mL, while chloroformic extract showed moderate cytotoxicity. Additionally, in silico studies performed proved promising pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of the main compounds from the chloroformic extract. Taken together, this work highlights the potent bioactivity and acceptable drug-likeness of this plant, which supports its further preclinical development.

Antioxidant, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition Activities, In Silico Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetics Study of Phenolic Compounds from Native Australian Fruits and Spices

“…If the Caco2 permeability value is higher than 0.90, a compound is considered to have high Caco-2 permeability. Furthermore, the compounds which have Caco-2 permeability, gastrointestinal absorption, a good bioavailability score, and obey Lipinski's rule of five while not being able to pass through the BBB, not acting as P-gp substrates, and having poor skin permeability should be successful drugs [62].…”

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“…For instance, the MIC and MBC of an ethanol extract of Angelicae dahuricae against P. acnes and S. aureus are reportedly 50 and 12.5mg/mL and 100 and 25mg/mL, respectively (Li QL et al, 2021). The MIC of an organic extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius is reportedly 18.75mg/mL against Salmonella typhimurium (Khalfaoui A et al, 2021). In the present study, the antibacterial indices DIZ, MIC and MBC, as well as growth curves were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of EMQ against P. acnes and S. aureus.…”

Structures 4-n-propyl Piperazines as Non-Imidazole Histamine H3 Antagonists

“…An important element is that, having high activity towards the H3 receptor, it crosses the blood-brain barrier. All of the studied compounds are not inhibitors of the CYP3A4 isoenzyme, which is largely responsible for the metabolism and elimination of most clinically used drugs [37]. Negative logKp values indicate that the compounds are not available through the skin.…”