LC determination of salinomycin in fermentation broths and premixes

Blazsek, M.; Surovcová, Anna

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00639-8

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Prior to derivatization polyether antibiotics are generally separated on particulate packed reverse phase type columns [8][9][10]. Initial conditions of our separation system were proposed according to experiences regarding the determination of salinomycin with direct UV detection [13]. The particular column was substituted with monolithic type column, which has benefit of lower operating pressure and higher throughput and therefore is ideal for rapid analysis.…”

Section: Post-column Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiological as well as chemical methods have been described for determining salinomycin in premixes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and fermentation broths [9,13,15]. Recently chromatographic methods (especially HPLC) become widely used for accurate, precise, sensitive and selective quantification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because salinomycin has no significant UV, fluorescent, or electrochemical properties, it must be derivatized either pre- [11,14,16] or post-column [8][9][10]12] for detection after HPLC separation. A direct UV detection of salinomycin at 210 nm was also proposed [13], but due to complexity of matrices it seems to by unsuitable for determination of salinomycin related products. Also LC-MS technique was found to be suitable for the sensitive and selective determination of residues of various ionophores in feed [17], animal products [18,19] or manure [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly utilized techniques for the extraction and clean up of drugs from biomatrices involve liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE). Initial extraction of ionophores from fermentation broths or premixes has traditionally been accomplished with the use of methanol [8,14], ethanol [11,13], acetonitrile [15], or hexane [12]. Asukabe et al [21] reported that a wide variety of solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, benzene and hexane) are comparable for extracting most ionophores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPLC determination of salinomycin and related compounds in fermentation media of Streptomyces albus and premixes

Blazsek

Kubiš

2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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Section: Post-column Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HPLC determination of salinomycin and related compounds in fermentation media of Streptomyces albus and premixes

Blazsek

Kubiš

2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…However, these methods generally have a longer analysis time and the separation obtained is worse than that achieved when analyzing only one family 14. Spectrophotometric detection, both ultraviolet (UV)15, 16 and fluorescence,17 have traditionally been used for the determination of these compounds. However, due to the lack of chromophore groups in the chemical structures of the ionophores, a pre‐column18 or post‐column19 derivatization is usually necessary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast liquid chromatography/multiple‐stage mass spectrometry of coccidiostats

Martínez-Villalba

Moyano

Galcerán

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Drugs that are used as medicines and also as growth promoters in veterinary care are considered as emerging environmental contaminants and in recent years concern about their potential risk to ecosystems and human health has risen. In this paper we used a method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to analyze eight coccidiostatic compounds: diclazuril, dinitrocarbanilide (the main metabolite of nicarbazin), robenidine, lasalocid, monensin, salinomycin, maduramicin and nasarin. Multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn) based on the precursor ions [M+Na]+ (polyether ionophores), [M+H]+ (robenidine) and [M-H]- (diclazuril and dinitrocarbanilide) was used to study the fragmentation of these compounds. MSn data and genealogical relationships were used to propose a tentative assignment of the different fragment ions. Loss of water, decarboxylations, ketone beta-cleavages and rearrangement of cyclic ethers and amide groups were some of the fragmentations observed for these compounds. Liquid chromatography with a sub-2 microm particle size column was coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) allowing the separation of these compounds in less than 7 min. Method detection limits ranging from 11 to 71 ng L(-1) and run-to-run values in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) (up to 12%) were obtained.

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Cloning and Characterization of the Polyether Salinomycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Streptomyces albus XM211

Jiang

Wang

Kang

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Salinomycin is widely used in animal husbandry as a food additive due to its antibacterial and anticoccidial activities. However, its biosynthesis had only been studied by feeding experiments with isotope-labeled precursors. A strategy with degenerate primers based on the polyether-specific epoxidase sequences was successfully developed to clone the salinomycin gene cluster. Using this strategy, a putative epoxidase gene, slnC, was cloned from the salinomycin producer Streptomyces albus XM211. The targeted replacement of slnC and subsequent trans-complementation proved its involvement in salinomycin biosynthesis. A 127-kb DNA region containing slnC was sequenced, including genes for polyketide assembly and release, oxidative cyclization, modification, export, and regulation. In order to gain insight into the salinomycin biosynthesis mechanism, 13 gene replacements and deletions were conducted. Including slnC, 7 genes were identified as essential for salinomycin biosynthesis and putatively responsible for polyketide chain release, oxidative cyclization, modification, and regulation. Moreover, 6 genes were found to be relevant to salinomycin biosynthesis and possibly involved in precursor supply, removal of aberrant extender units, and regulation. Sequence analysis and a series of gene replacements suggest a proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of salinomycin. The information presented here expands the understanding of polyether biosynthesis mechanisms and paves the way for targeted engineering of salinomycin activity and productivity.

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LC determination of salinomycin in fermentation broths and premixes

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

HPLC determination of salinomycin and related compounds in fermentation media of Streptomyces albus and premixes

HPLC determination of salinomycin and related compounds in fermentation media of Streptomyces albus and premixes

Fast liquid chromatography/multiple‐stage mass spectrometry of coccidiostats

Cloning and Characterization of the Polyether Salinomycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Streptomyces albus XM211

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