Lba-Eco Cd-04 Logging Damage, Km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

Sousa, C.A.D. De; Elliot, James R.; Read, E.L.; Figueira, A.M.S.; Miller, S. D.; Goulden, Mike

doi:10.3334/ornldaac/1038

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The amount of bole wood removed (5.0-6.8 MgC ha ) was slightly less than the average for the overall Amazon basin [7.3 MgC ha −1 (11)]. Fifteen additional trees were killed or damaged for each tree logged at km 83 (19). Logging generated 13.2-18.2 MgC ha −1 of coarse woody debris, 95% left on the forest floor, and 5% as standing dead trees.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange

Miller

Goulden

Hutyra

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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We used eddy covariance and ecological measurements to investigate the effects of reduced impact logging (RIL) on an old-growth Amazonian forest. Logging caused small decreases in gross primary production, leaf production, and latent heat flux, which were roughly proportional to canopy loss, and increases in heterotrophic respiration, tree mortality, and wood production. The net effect of RIL was transient, and treatment effects were barely discernable after only 1 y. RIL appears to provide a strategy for managing tropical forest that minimizes the potential risks to climate associated with large changes in carbon and water exchange. ) of human-induced CO 2 emissions during [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006] (1), while increasing land-surface albedo and decreasing available energy and evapotranspiration (2). The changes in surface-energy exchange and increase in atmospheric CO 2 associated with largescale tropical deforestation are predicted to alter precipitation patterns (3, 4) and cause a net warming of global climate (5, 6). The avoidance of tropical deforestation as a means to slow the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide, while maintaining the role of forest in the water and energy cycles and sustaining biodiversity and other environmental services, is a key climate change mitigation goal (e.g., the United Nations program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) (7,8).The harvesting of marketable trees by selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon has occurred at an areal rate comparable to deforestation (1-2 × 10 4 km 2 y −1 between 1996 and 2002) (9-11). Conventional logging (CL) is highly damaging to forest canopy, residual vegetation, and soil (12), and increases forest susceptibility to fire (11). The estimated gross CO 2 emission to the atmosphere from CL in the Amazon amounts to 25% of that due to deforestation (9). In contrast, reduced impact logging (RIL) is intended to minimize the disruption of tropical forest carbon and water cycles (13) via preharvest tree selection and vine cutting, directional felling, and planned extraction (skid) trails and log decks. RIL has been shown to reduce canopy destruction (12, 14-16); however, the effects of RIL on land-atmosphere gas and energy exchange have not been well quantified.We report direct measurements of the net effect of RIL on tropical forest carbon, water, and energy exchange. Two sites in the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) were studied as part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (17), denoted by distance south of Santarem, Para, Brazil (Fig. S1): "km 67" (unlogged control site, 2.85667 S, 54.958889 W) and "km 83" (logged site, 3.01803 S, 54.97144 W). The logging was conducted by a local commercial firm (Empresa Agropecuária Treviso Ltda), with oversight from the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Resources. Parallel measurements at control and logged sites began 6-12 mo before logging, and continued at least 29 mo afterward. Our measurements focused on aspects of tropical fore...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange

Miller

Goulden

Hutyra

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

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“…Table 2 provides a summary of stem density and basal area distribution across size classes at km83 based on the biomass survey data (Menton et al 2011;de Sousa et al, 2011). To facilitate comparisons with simulations from FATES, we divided the inventory into early and late succession PFTs using threshold of 0.7 g cm -3 for specific wood density, consistent with the definition of these PFTs in Table 1.…”

Section: Study Site and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On-going efforts in developing more mechanistic plant hydraulic models (thereby eliminating the need for a beta factor) could potentially alleviate the problem (Christofferson et al 2016) and will also be reported separately. observations from km67 (left) and km83 (right) (Miller et al, 2011) inventories respectively (Menton et al, 2011;de Sousa et al, 2011). Note that for the size class 0-10 cm,…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

Huang¹,

Yi²,

Longo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land-surface properties such as albedo and roughness length. Such impacts are poorly quantified to date due to difficulties in accessing and maintaining observational infrastructures, and the lack of proper modeling tools for capturing the interactions among biophysical properties, ecosystem demography, canopy structure, and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. As a first step to address these limitations, we implemented a selective logging module into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) by mimicking the ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes following a logging event. The model can specify the timing and aerial extent of logging events, splitting the logged forest patch into disturbed and intact patches, determine the survivorship of cohorts in the disturbed patch, and modifying the biomass and necromass (total mass of coarse woody debris and litter) pools following logging. We parameterized the logging module to reproduce a selective logging experiment at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazil and benchmarked model outputs against available field measurements. Our results suggest that the model permits the coexistence of early and late successional functional types and realistically characterizes the seasonality of water and carbon fluxes and stocks, the forest structure and composition, and the ecosystem succession following disturbance. However, the current version of FATES overestimates water stress in the dry season therefore fails to capture seasonal variation in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Moreover, we observed a bias towards low stem density and leaf area when compared to observations, suggesting that improvements are needed in both carbon allocation and establishment of trees. The effects of logging were assessed by different logging scenarios to represent reduced impact and conventional logging practices, both with high and low logging intensities. The model simulations suggest that in comparison to old-growth forests the logged forests rapidly recover water and energy fluxes in one to three years. In contrast, the recovery times for carbon stocks, forest structure and composition are more than 30 years depending on logging practices and intensity. This study lays the foundation to simulate land use change and forest degradation in FATES, which will be an effective tool to directly represent forest management practices and regeneration in the context of Earth System Models.</p>

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“…Land cover and land use in tropical forest regions are highly dynamic, and nearly all tropical forests are subject to significant human influence (Martínez-Ramos et al, 2016;Dirzo et al, 2014). While old-growth tropical forests have been reported to be carbon sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, these forests could easily become carbon sources once disturbed (Luyssaert et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

Huang

Longo

et al. 2020

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land surface properties such as albedo and roughness length. Such impacts are poorly quantified to date due to difficulties in accessing and maintaining observational infrastructures, as well as the lack of proper modeling tools for capturing the interactions among biophysical properties, ecosystem demography, canopy structure, and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. As a first step to address these limitations, we implemented a selective logging module into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) by mimicking the ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes following a logging event. The model can specify the timing and aerial extent of logging events, splitting the logged forest patch into disturbed and intact patches; determine the survivorship of cohorts in the disturbed patch; and modifying the biomass and necromass (total mass of coarse woody debris and litter) pools following logging. We parameterized the logging module to reproduce a selective logging experiment at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazil and benchmarked model outputs against available field measurements. Our results suggest that the model permits the coexistence of early and late successional functional types and realistically characterizes the seasonality of water and carbon fluxes and stocks, the forest structure and composition, and the ecosystem succession following disturbance. However, the current version of FATES overestimates water stress in the dry season and therefore fails to capture seasonal variation in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Moreover, we observed a bias towards low stem density and leaf area when compared to observations, suggesting that improvements are needed in both carbon allocation and establishment of trees. The effects of logging were assessed by different logging scenarios to represent reduced impact and conventional logging practices, both with high and low logging intensities. The model simulations suggest that in comparison to old-growth forests the logged forests rapidly recover water and energy fluxes in 1 to 3 years. In contrast, the recovery times for carbon stocks, forest structure, and composition are more than 30 years depending on logging practices and intensity. This study lays the foundation to simulate land use change and forest degradation in FATES, which will be an effective tool to directly represent forest management practices and regeneration in the context of Earth system models.

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Lba-Eco Cd-04 Logging Damage, Km 83 Tower Site, Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange

Reduced impact logging minimally alters tropical rainforest carbon and energy exchange

Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

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