LB1 and LB6 Homo floresiensis are not modern human (Homo sapiens) cretins

Brown, P. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.011

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Bipartition of the trapezoid has been recently cited as a possible explanation of the trapezoid morphology attributed to Homo floresiensis (Flores, Indonesia), as part of a broader argument suggesting cretinism best explains the late Pleistocene skeletal remains (Obendorf et al, 2008;Oxnard et al, 2012). Though this assertion has been refuted elsewhere (Brown, 2012;Orr et al, 2013), our review of morphological characteristics of the bipartite trapezoid and its articulations may provide additional clarity to this debate and to the identification of further cases.…”

Section: Carpal Bone Bipartition and Skeletal Dysplasiasmentioning

confidence: 74%

Six new examples of the bipartite trapezoid bone: Morphology, significant population variation, and an examination of pre-existing criteria to identify bipartition of individual carpal bones

Burnett

Stojanowski

Mahakkanukrauh

2015

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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Section: Carpal Bone Bipartition and Skeletal Dysplasiasmentioning

confidence: 74%

Six new examples of the bipartite trapezoid bone: Morphology, significant population variation, and an examination of pre-existing criteria to identify bipartition of individual carpal bones

Burnett

Stojanowski

Mahakkanukrauh

2015

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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“…Likewise, metric and nonmetric comparisons of the Flores hominins to patients with ME hypothyroidism [43] failed to corroborate the claims of Obendorf et al [18] that LB1 and LB6 suffered from “cretinism.” Of relevance to the current study, Brown [43] found no evidence for ME hypothyroidism in the LB1 skull, citing, for example, a markedly reduced endocranial volume, a normal-sized sella turcica, and well-developed paranasal sinuses in LB1 and in contrast to many ME hypothyroidism patients. However, more recent work by Oxnard and colleagues [19], [34] has taken issue with Brown [43], and presented new evidence, primarily from the postcranial skeleton, supporting ME hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, more recent work by Oxnard and colleagues [19], [34] has taken issue with Brown [43], and presented new evidence, primarily from the postcranial skeleton, supporting ME hypothyroidism. While the findings in this recent study have yet to be fully evaluated by the scientific community, Orr et al [27], using new fossil specimens and a large comparative sample, have shown that the wrist morphology of the Flores hominins is likely plesiomorphic rather than pathological [contra 17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analyses of cranial morphometric data also provide an alternate means of assessing pathologies – one that circumvents debates over more subjective definitions, identifications, and interpretations of these conditions in the Liang Bua material [18]–[20], [43], [45]. Furthermore, the larger samples used here of humans with microcephaly and ME hypothyroidism better capture the heterogeneity in these disorders, and thereby provide a more robust assessment of the likelihood that LB1 suffered from one of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homo floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Human Samples

2013

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The origin of hominins found on the remote Indonesian island of Flores remains highly contentious. These specimens may represent a new hominin species, Homo floresiensis, descended from a local population of Homo erectus or from an earlier (pre-H. erectus) migration of a small-bodied and small-brained hominin out of Africa. Alternatively, some workers suggest that some or all of the specimens recovered from Liang Bua are pathological members of a small-bodied modern human population. Pathological conditions proposed to explain their documented anatomical features include microcephaly, myxoedematous endemic hypothyroidism (“cretinism”) and Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity). This study evaluates evolutionary and pathological hypotheses through comparative analysis of cranial morphology. Geometric morphometric analyses of landmark data show that the sole Flores cranium (LB1) is clearly distinct from healthy modern humans and from those exhibiting hypothyroidism and Laron syndrome. Modern human microcephalic specimens converge, to some extent, on crania of extinct species of Homo. However in the features that distinguish these two groups, LB1 consistently groups with fossil hominins and is most similar to H. erectus. Our study provides further support for recognizing the Flores hominins as a distinct species, H. floresiensis, whose affinities lie with archaic Homo.

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“…A previous claim that (some of) these are deciduous first molars (Obendorf et al, 2008) has been effectively rejected by Brown (2012) based on crown and root morphology as well as the state of wear. Brown and Maeda (2009) suggested that its MD elongated, asymmetric crown shape represents a (very) primitive hominin condition, which changes to a more derived, molarized, bicuspid, and symmetrical P 3 in later australopiths and early members of Homo.…”

Section: P 3 Crownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

Kaifu

Kono

Sutikna

et al. 2015

Anthropological Science

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Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during [2002][2003][2004] at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.

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LB1 and LB6 Homo floresiensis are not modern human (Homo sapiens) cretins

Cited by 39 publications

References 119 publications

Six new examples of the bipartite trapezoid bone: Morphology, significant population variation, and an examination of pre-existing criteria to identify bipartition of individual carpal bones

Six new examples of the bipartite trapezoid bone: Morphology, significant population variation, and an examination of pre-existing criteria to identify bipartition of individual carpal bones

Homo floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Human Samples

Descriptions of the dental remains of <i>Homo floresiensis</i>

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