“…Afterwards, any SL classifier can be applied to the constructed SL dataset(s), and the results are then transformed back into ML representation. Such methods can be classified into five groups including binary relevance (BR) (Boutell et al, 2004), methods that combine labels such as label powerset (LP) (Cherman, Monard, & Metz, 2011), pairwise methods such as calibrated label ranking (Fürnkranz, Hüllermeier, Mencía, & Brinker, 2008), select family (Chen, Yan, Zhang, Chen, & Yang, 2007), and ensemble methods such as random-k-label-sets (RAKEL) (Tsoumakas & Vlahavas, 2007) and classifier chain (CC) (Read, Pfahringer, Holmes, & Frank, 2011). Commonly encountered problem transformation methods are explained in the following:…”