Of all the classical theorists, Max Weber is the most vivid in the eyes of scholars today. Simmel is an acquired taste, Durkheim a grey eminence, Tönnies an afterthought, and even Marx-despite his worldwide renown, despite the swelling tide of biographies -is an embodied Idea, a screen for projection and debate. Only Max Weber is a living presence for contemporaries. Curiosity is sparked not only by his work but by his personality, which biographers often call "volcanic," "tormented," "Angst-ridden." Apparently, no aspect of Weber's life is beyond the pale. Topics of perennial interest include the seemingly Oedipal character of the trauma that paralyzed Weber on the eve of the twentieth century, the intimate details of his marriage to Marianne Weber, and the tenor of his friendship with Else Jaffé and her sisters. 1 Scrutiny of this kind is usually reserved for literary lions. Proust, Kafka, Woolf, Mann, and others are appraised in minute personal detail, but their contemporaries among sociologists (Sombart, Tarde, Sorokin) are literary unknowns. As a signal exception to this rule, Max Weber thus figures as a kind of Wissenschaftliche Joyce, a Soziologische Auden or Dostoevsky. Whether for good or ill, Max Weber has a vibrant literary persona. 2 This persona, the "Max Weber" of iconographic memory, is stereotypically German. Hence in most biographical accounts, the accent is placed on Weber's central European persona and ties -his connections to Troeltsch and Treitschke, to pan-Germanism and neo-Kantianism, to Lask and Lukács. 3 His deep interest in other cultures and continents has remained relatively obscure. Even his decade-long inquiry into the "world religions" of India, China, and ancient Palestine has interested relatively few scholars (among whom comparativists of neo-Weberian outlook loom large -including, e.g., Bendix, Schluchter, and Kalberg). 4 Moreover, Weber's abiding interest in the United States and Russia has begun to attract substantial attention only fairly recently. 5 In what follows, my subject is just one aspect of Weber's thinking with respect to the United States in particular, namely, his view of frontier regions as new horizons for capitalism. This was not an incidental or side issue for Weber, whose famed analysis of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was only half-finished when he traveled through the United States in 1904. 6 Nor is Weber's outlook on this topic immaterial for contemporary historians, many of whom now affirm quasi-Weberian views under such rubrics as "the New Western" history. 7 A full account of Weber's notion of the frontier would exceed the limits of a journal article, but we can highlight key points by recalling Max and Marianne Weber's trek across the territorial United States in 1904. This journey is fairly well known, thanks to several sources -Marianne's memoirs, Max's essay on "The Protestant Sects and the Spirit of Capitalism" (1906), and recent studies by Bärbel Meurer, Lawrence Scaff, Hans Rollman, and Guenther Roth. 8 But the subs...