We present a detailed quantum oscillation study of the Fermi surface of the recently discovered Yb-based heavy fermion superconductor β-YbAlB4. We compare the data, obtained at fields from 10 to 45 Tesla, to band structure calculations performed using the local density approximation. Analysis of the data suggests that fholes participate in the Fermi surface up to the highest magnetic fields studied. We comment on the significance of these findings for the unconventional superconducting properties of this material. PACS numbers: 71.18.+y, 71.20.Eh, 71.27.+a, 75.30.Mb, 75.10.Lp The recent demonstration of superconductivity in the heavy fermion compound β-YbAlB 4 [1] provided a breakthrough in the search for a ytterbium-based analogue of the numerous cerium heavy fermion superconductors [2,3,4]. Theoretical models of f electron metals often describe the low temperature dynamics in terms of the dense Kondo lattice hamiltonian [5]. In this framework, it is expected that hole and electron like materials should realize similar ground states. While Yb in a 4f 13 electronic configuration is the hole counterpart to 4f 1 Ce, superconductivity in Yb-based materials [6,7] has proved strangely elusive in contrast to those containing Ce, until the discovery of superconductivity in β-YbAlB 4 .Single crystals of β-YbAlB 4 grow in a plate-like morphology, with a crystal structure corresponding to that of ThMoB 4 [8]. In contrast to the more common square Yb superlattice, the Yb ions in β-YbAlB 4 form a lower symmetry distorted hexagon, with Yb and Al atoms in the basal ab-plane sandwiched between nets containing an unusual arrangement of heptagonal and pentagonal B rings. Alloying with smaller interstitial atoms favours a smaller 4f 13 ionic configuration with the shortest Yb-Yb bond length lying along the c-axis. Experimental studies of the magnetic susceptibility [1] show a large Ising-like moment along the easy [001] axis, these measurements demonstrate the presence of local moments at high temperatures.The occurrence of superconductivity with T c = 80 mK in the cleanest samples of β-YbAlB 4 with ρ 0 0.8µΩcm raises the intriguing question of how superconductivity develops out of this local moment system. Further evidence of novel correlated electron behaviour [1] is signaled by low temperature non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behaviour, with the magnetic susceptibility diverging for applied magnetic field B c, accompanied by an electrical resistivity ρ ∝ T 3/2 . Application of a small magnetic field at low temperature recovers FL behaviour with enhanced specific heat coefficient γ (generally referred to as a heavy FL), suggesting that the f -electron bands hybridize with the conduction electrons and thereby contribute to the Fermi volume [9]. Individual local moment behaviour is found to be recovered above an energy scale of. This thermodynamic and transport evidence for strongly correlated electron behaviour in β-YbAlB 4 provides impetus to study the electronic structure.In this Letter we present a study of the Fermi surface (FS) of...