Layered electrides as fluoride intercalation anodes

Abstract

The fluoride ion is well suited to be the active species of rechargeable batteries, due to its small size, light weight, and high electronegativity. While existing F-ion batteries based on...

Hydride ion intercalation and conduction in the electride Sr3CrN3

“…40 The Q value reported for this process is 0.44 eV, which is close to the value we find for Sr 3 CrN 3 and in both cases the diffusing ion is a hydride. This calculation gives an approximate value of D = 5.37 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 for hydride in Sr 3 CrN 3 at 298 K. Our result is similar to the value of D = 1.4 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 reported for fluoride ions in the electride Y 2 CF 2 , 41 Considering together, these results highlights that potential for electrides as general anion conductors.…”

Fluoride ion batteries – past, present, and future

“…34 Such oxyfluorides represent the discharged states of potential anode materials, while electrochemical charging leads to reductive defluorination reactions. Apart from Ruddlesen-Popper-type compounds, layered electride materials such as Ca2N or Y2C and their transformation to the fluorinated states Ca2NF or Y2CF were recently studied by Hartman et al 163 , indicating that these materials could work as high-energy anode materials, if stability towards other battery components can be achieved.…”

“…to stabilize them in more reductive, lower oxidation states, or by exploring electrides as suggested recently. 163 For intercalation materials, another issue lies in the replacement of heavy alkaline earths or lanthanides, such as Sr, Ba, or La by lower weight and higher abundant cations such as Ca or Sc for Ruddlesden-Popper based systems. In addition, topochemical reactions based on anions are not limited to Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds, but can also occur for other perovskite related materials.…”

Reversible and Fast (De)fluorination of High‐Capacity Cu2O Cathode: One Step Toward Practically Applicable All‐Solid‐State Fluoride‐Ion Battery

“…[11][12][13][14] However, these intercalation-type materials usually have heavy molecules, and the large mass ratios of the electrochemically inactive components lower the overall energy densities. Theoretical calculations for MXenes [15] and layered electrides [16] as electrode materials for FIBs have also been reported recently, but no experimental results have been reported thus far.…”