Layered Clay‐Sand Scheme of Land Reclamation

Proposal of a New Concept for the Vertical Drain Design Considering the Effects of Intermediate Permeable Layers and Smear

“…Natural ones are typically found in glacial lakes and postglacial clays, which were often formed with a varved or layered structure due to seasonal variation in deposited particle size. Examples of artiˆcial thin layers are found in some reclaimed lands with clayˆll (Lee et al, 1987;Karunarathne et al, 1990) and in clay embankments.…”

Consolidation of Clay with a System of Vertical and Horizontal Drains

“…With sufficient horizontal drainage rate in the drains, they modify the hydraulic gradient of vertical flow of pore water in clay to accelerate the consolidation. Thin sand layers have been used for horizontal drains in reclaimed lands with clay fill ͑Watari 1984; Lee et al 1987;Karunarathe et al 1990͒ and in clay fill embankments ͑Gibson and Shefford 1968͒. Geotextiles have an excellent performance in discharging pore water to dissipate the pore water pressure much faster than the original soil mass ͑Rowe 1992; Loh 1998͒.…”

Land reclamation & soil improvement using dredged slurry as fill

“…Yeung (Yeung, 1997) Layered clay-sand scheme is another approach that was studied by Singapore in the early 1980s as an alternative reclamation-soil improvement method. This method use sand as both fill and also drainage to facilitate the consolidation of the soft clay slurries when they are used as reclamation fill (Lee et al, 1987). In this method, a thin sand layer is sandwiched between hydraulically placed marine clay to form a layered clay-sand fill as illustrated in Figure 2.36.…”