Layer VII of rodent cerebral cortex

Reep, Roger L.; Goodwin, G. S.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(88)90779-3

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The transgene-expressing cells may represent subplate neurons that survive beneath cortical layer VI well into postnatal life. These results are consistent with those of Valverde et al (1989Valverde et al ( , 1995 and Reep and Goodwin (1988), who have shown that neurons born between E11-E13 (E12-E14 in the rat) persist in significant numbers in a deep cortical layer, which they call layer VII, as late as P60 in rodents.…”

Section: Transgene Expression Was Present In a Population Of Neurons supporting

confidence: 81%

Embryonic Expression of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene: Identification of a Promoter Region That Targets Transgene Expression to Pioneer Neurons

et al. 1998

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The myelin basic protein (MBP) gene produces two families of structurally related proteins from three different promoters-the golli products, generated from the most upstream promoter, and the MBPs, produced from the two downstream promoters. In this report we describe the expression of golli proteins within some of the earliest neuronal populations of the brain, including Cajal-Retzius cells and preplate neurons of the forebrain, representing a new marker for these cells. To identify elements responsible for neuronal expression of the golli products, we generated transgenic animals from constructs containing different portions of the upstream promoter. A construct containing 1.1 kb immediately upstream of the golli transcription start site targeted expression of ␤-galactosidase to preplate neurons and a subset of Cajal-Retzius cells in transgenic mice-the first reported genetic element to target expression to these pioneer cortical populations. Although expression in Cajal-Retzius cells declined with embryonic development, preplate cells continued to express the transgene after arriving at their final destination in the subplate. Interestingly, expression persisted in subplate neurons found within a distinct layer between the white matter and cortical layer VI well into postnatal life. Birth dating studies with bromodeoxyuridine indicated that these neurons were born between E10.5 and E12.5. Thus, the transgene marked subplate neurons from their birth, providing a fate marker for these cells. This work suggests a role for the MBP gene in the early developing brain long before myelination and especially in the pioneer cortical neurons important in the formation of the cortical layers.

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Section: Transgene Expression Was Present In a Population Of Neurons supporting

confidence: 81%

Embryonic Expression of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene: Identification of a Promoter Region That Targets Transgene Expression to Pioneer Neurons

et al. 1998

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“…Initial studies (Sugita, 1917) had already demonstrated that the rodent subplate is not really a transient structure, but a well defined layer (VIb or VII) which persists as a part of the 'traditional' cortex throughout the rodent lifespan. In recent years, the rodent subplate ⁄ layer VII has been increasingly recognized as a 'special case' probably characteristic for this specific group of mammals and with significantly different developmental history and postnatal roles in comparison with primates and humans (Reep & Goodwin, 1988;Reep, 2000;Valverde et al 1989Valverde et al , 1995Robertson et al 2000;Clancy & Cauller, 1999;Clancy et al 2001Clancy et al , 2009Arias et al 2002;Tomioka et al 2005).…”

Section: Lessons From History -New Trends In Subplate Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early history of subplate and interstitial neurons: from Theodor Meynert (1867) to the discovery of the subplate zone (1974)

2010

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In this historical review, we trace the early history of research on the fetal subplate zone, subplate neurons and interstitial neurons in the white matter of the adult nervous system. We arrive at several general conclusions. First, a century of research clearly testifies that interstitial neurons, subplate neurons and the subplate zone were first observed and variously described in the human brain -or, in more general terms, in large brains of gyrencephalic mammals, characterized by an abundant white matter and slow and protracted prenatal and postnatal development. Secondly, the subplate zone cannot be meaningfully defined using a single criterionbe it a specific population of cells, fibres or a specific molecular or genetic marker. The subplate zone is a highly dynamic architectonic compartment and its size and cellular composition do not remain constant during development. Thirdly, it is important to make a clear distinction between the subplate zone and the subplate (and interstitial) neurons. The transient existence of the subplate zone (as a specific architectonic compartment of the fetal telencephalic wall) should not be equated with the putative transient existence of subplate neurons. It is clear that in rodents, and to an even greater extent in humans and monkeys, a significant number of subplate cells survive and remain functional throughout life.

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“…Since Rose, most authors have followed the lead of Krieg [1946] in identifying Rose's layer VII as layer VIb in rodents. However, recent studies on cortical development and connections in rats have substantiated our earlier hypothesis [Reep and Goodwin, 1988] that layer VII is a distinct entity, derived from the subplate. Therefore, throughout the remainder of this report, our layer VII is synonymous with layer VIb of most other authors; our layer VI is likewise synonymous with layer VIa of others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cortical Layer VII and Persistent Subplate Cells in Mammalian Brains

Reep¹

2000

Brain Behav Evol

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Layer VII is the deepest cortical layer in rats, and consists of a thin layer of persistent subplate cells overlain by a cell-sparse, myelin-rich stratum through which many corticocortical axons travel. Layer VII neurons participate in local and long-distance corticocortical connections. The present study was undertaken to determine whether layer VII is a typical feature in rodent brains, and to determine which other mammalian taxa exhibit a layer VII. The adult brains of 144 species from 22 orders were examined. Of these, 43 species in 6 orders exhibit a layer VII. These include the sciurognath Rodentia, Insectivora, Paucituberculata, Paramelemorphia, some Xenarthra, and some Chiroptera. In all taxa interstitial cells were observed scattered throughout the white matter. The observed distribution of layer VII in this sample of mammalian taxa suggests that layer VII is a typical feature in some orders, but is not present in most orders. The heterogeneous distribution of layer VII in the Rodentia and Chiroptera suggests that species-level developmental dynamics are involved. It is hypothesized that the timing of subplate apoptosis in relation to the establishment of corticocortical connections is the major factor that determines whether layer VII is present in the adult stage.

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Layer VII of rodent cerebral cortex

Cited by 49 publications

References 14 publications

Embryonic Expression of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene: Identification of a Promoter Region That Targets Transgene Expression to Pioneer Neurons

Embryonic Expression of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene: Identification of a Promoter Region That Targets Transgene Expression to Pioneer Neurons

Early history of subplate and interstitial neurons: from Theodor Meynert (1867) to the discovery of the subplate zone (1974)

Cortical Layer VII and Persistent Subplate Cells in Mammalian Brains

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