Layer-by-layer self-assembly and clinical application in orthopedics

Recent Progress in Protein-Polyphenol Assemblies for Biomedical Applications

“…46 LbL selfassembly technology serves as a simple strategy to solve those problems by loading and controllably releasing drugs and/or a bioactive agent onto the surface of orthopedic implants. 47,48 According to Han et al, 37 proteins and polyphenols were successfully and subsequently deposited onto substrates (glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and plastic), micro-and nanoparticles (CaCO 3 , polystyrene, silica, gold), and bacteria. The results demonstrated that this simple strategy was applicable to diverse substrates across multiple length scales from 20 nm to 1 cm.…”

“…The use of orthopedic implants to treat bone defects has been challenged by bacterial infections, oxidative stress, immune rejection, inadequate osseointegration, and so on . LbL self-assembly technology serves as a simple strategy to solve those problems by loading and controllably releasing drugs and/or a bioactive agent onto the surface of orthopedic implants. , …”

Evaluation of sustained drug release performance and osteoinduction of magnetron-sputtered tantalum-coated titanium dioxide nanotubes

“…[20][21][22] For instance, a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method was applied to slow down the drug release rate. 23 However, the LBL formed by electrostatic interactions between polycations and polyanions was easy to be detached. 23 Moreover, a super-hydrophobic titanium dioxide nanotube (S-TNT) array drug delivery system was investigated to control drug release, while the osteogenic activity was still inadequate.…”

Construction of a layer-by-layer self-assembled rosemarinic acid delivery system on the surface of CFRPEEK implants for enhanced anti-inflammatory and osseointegration activities

“…The LBL technique, which has been applied in the exploration of surface modification of bone repair materials according to previous literature reports, is used to deposit polyelectrolytes with opposite charges alternately through electrostatic interaction. [19][20][21][22] Compared to other surface modification methods, the entire process of the LBL technique does not require any instruments or complex operations. Additionally, the LBL technique is compatible with all charged substrates and allows the loading of active drugs or growth factors.…”

“…Additionally, the LBL technique is compatible with all charged substrates and allows the loading of active drugs or growth factors. 19,[23][24][25] Relying on these advantages, the simple and controllable LBL technique has also been used for the surface modification of PEEK. In previous research, PEEK was first pre-treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and polyethylene imine to produce a positively charged surface with microstructures.…”