“…Accordingly, seeking a technology that can separate oil/water mixtures effectively is urgently required. − Tremendous efforts have been devoted to develop green and safe oil/water separation materials (eg., fiber, copper mesh, molecular sieve, sponge, woven, etc.). Among them, three-dimensional (3D) porous commercial melamine sponge with the merits of low cost, lightweight, environment friendly, and intrinsic microlevel porous structure is promising for large scale oily wastewater treatment. , However, the melamine sponge with instinct hydrophilicity and lipophilicity always absorbs the water and oil simultaneously, which could reduce the separation efficiency and the sponge could become a flammable secondary pollutant. − Hence, the prerequisite to improve the oil/water mixtures separation efficiency of a sponge is to enhance its selectivity, for example, developing a superhydrophobic/superlipophilic sponge. , Meanwhile, the flame retardant property of the sponge is also crucial, as the sponge is inevitably exposed to the risk of fire and explosion when absorbing flammable crude oil and organic solvents. , In addition, most of the sponges with flexible segments are unstable in harsh environments, which could limit their large-scale application . Therefore, there is an urgent demand for the development of an ideal sponge with robust superhydrophobicity, superior flame retardancy, and excellent chemical stability.…”