“…Recent research strives for a holistic understanding of childbirth experiences, based on women’s perceptions of risk (Sharma et al, 2011), the myriad of meanings underlying notions of ‘control’ (Namey & Lyerly, 2010), pain (Declercq et al, 2008), previous delivery outcomes (David et al, 2010; Kaimal & Kuppermann, 2010; Pang et al, 2008), race (Getahun et al, 2009; Rosenthal & Lobel, 2011; Selo-Ojeme et al, 2008), medical record information (Wibe et al, 2011), midwifery practices (Danerek et al, 2011), and community factors (Leone et al, 2008). These influences are increasingly viewed as interacting, and are replacing the antagonistic view of defensive medicine that dominated earlier literature (Bassett et al, 2000).…”