Laxative Metabolites from the Leaves of Moringa oleifera

Abstract

Three new flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-6-[methyl-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl­(1→6]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-[methyl-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl­(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and quercetin-3-O-6-[(E)-4-methoxy-5-methylhexa-2,4-dienoatyl­(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and two new alkaloids, 5-dehydroxymethyl-pyrrolemarumine 4″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (4) and N 1-methyl-N 2-((4-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside)­benzyl) oxalamide (5), together with 45 known compounds (6–50) were isolated from the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. Among those compounds, 1-octacosanol (50), a straight-chain 28-carbon alcohol, exhibited good activity against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice, which is obtained as a laxative constituent from the plant for the first time. In order to have an accurate understanding of the content of compound 50, a quantification with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was carried out. The anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of some compounds also was assessed.

Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Pharmacology, Chemical Constituents, and Application for Dental Health

“…Furthermore, compound 46 also inhibited α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase with IC 50 values of 40 and 35 µg/mL, respectively. Compound 47 also exhibited antiviral properties against virus H1N1 with an IC 50 value of 3.42 µg/mL [ 13 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

“…The compounds are glycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate) ( 52 ), heneicosanoic acid ( 53 ), monoacetyl glycerol ( 54 ), monacosa n -15-one ( 55 ), octacosanol ( 56 ), oleic acid ( 57 ), 3,4-methyleneazelaic acid ( 58 ), and triolein acid ( 59 ). Compound 57 exhibited anti-allergic properties by inhibiting β-hexosaminidase and histamine release, with IC 50 values of 53.76 and 56.05 µM, respectively [ 40 , 42 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

“…The structures are shown in Figure 7 . Compound 61 exhibited anti-allergic properties by inhibiting β-hexosaminidase and histamine release with IC 50 values of 82.68 and 82.07 µM, respectively [ 42 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Moringa oleifera: A Tree of Life as a Promising Medicinal Plant for Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…oleifera plant have been used in ethnomedicinal and traditional medicine systems to cure diverse human ailments, including dysentery, asthma, syphilis, rheumatism, earache, toothache, headache, piles, fevers, sore throat, bronchitis, eye and ear infections, scurvy, glandular swelling and sores, dental caries, intestinal complaints, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, immune disorders, etc. ,− Pharmacologically, different parts of M. oleifera have antilithic, rubefacient, vesicant, carminative, antifertility, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiac/circulatory tonic, laxative, abortifacient, antitumor, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antirheumatism, antitubercular, stimulant, aphrodisiac, abortifacient, cholagogue, antihysteria, antimicrobial, astringent, and pain reliever properties. ,− …”

Dietary Supplementation of Octacosanol Improves Exercise-Induced Fatigue and Its Molecular Mechanism

“…Adding OCT to diet will benefit people’s health . In recent years, OCT also has other novel physiological functions, including improvement of the stress response, sleep quality, regulated lipid metabolism, and constipation relief. − Nevertheless, most studies about OCT only evaluated its physiological functions and the molecular mechanism is poorly understood.…”