Lax leaf maize: cell wall composition and nutritional value

Falkner, L. K.; Coors, J. G.; Ostrander, Brad M; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; Hatfield, Ronald D.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000115)80:2<255::aid-jsfa527>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lax leaf inbreds had lignin concentration nearly equal to those of the low lignin bm3 mutant, and they should be of interest for cattle feeding. But no functional relationships appeared between the lax leaf phenotype and the digestibility or the lignin content [96]. The occurrence of the lax leaf phenotype and the low lignin concentration in the same early-generation inbred family was considered as a "fortuitous random combination of traits".…”

Section: Genetic Resources Andsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

et al. 2003

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-Forage plants are the basis of ruminant nutrition, and cell wall digestibility is the limiting factor of their feeding value. Cell wall digestibility is therefore "the" target for improving the feeding value of forage crops. Among annual forages, maize cropped for silage making is the most widely used, and much research in genetics, physiology and molecular biology of annual forages is devoted to maize. Sorghum, immature small grain cereals and straws of small grain cereals are also given to cattle. Some dicotyledons are or were also used, such as forage beets, kales, canola in temperate areas and amaranths in tropical and subtropical areas. Large genetic variation for cell wall digestibility was proved from both in vivo and in vitro experiments in numerous species. Among the regular maize hybrids (excluding brown-midrib ones), the NDF in vivo digestibility nearly doubled from 32.9 to 60.1%. Correlations between in vivo and in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility were often close to 0.75, but in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility significantly reduced the range of variation between genotypes. Despite lignin content is well known as the major factor making cell wall undigestible, breeding for a higher digestibility of plant only from a lignin content trait appeared impossible. Correlations between lignin content and cell wall digestibility were indeed greatly variable according to the genetic background. Moreover, enzymatic solubilities were excessively dependent on lignin, and correlation between in vivo estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content were always lower than correlation between in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content. Among brown-midrib genes, the bm3 mutant in maize, and the bmr12 (and possibly bmr18) mutant in sorghum, which are both altered in the COMT activity, appeared as the most efficient in cell wall digestibility improvement. Moreover, a great genetic variation in the efficiency of the maize bm3 gene for cell wall digestibility improvement was observed according to the genetic background, with a lower efficiency when the normal germplasm was of better cell wall digestibility. Efficient breeding maize and others annual forage plants demands a renewing of genetic resources. Because resources of interest in cell wall digestibility improvement could be of poor agronomic value, the best is likely to cell wall digestibility / ingestibility / annual forage / maize / genetic variation / breeding / lignin Résumé -Amélioration de la digestibilité des parois des fourrages annuels. Les plantes fourragères sont à la base de l'alimentation des ruminants, mais leur valeur nutritive est limitée par la digestibilité variable des parois végétales, dont l'amélioration est alors la cible essentielle des programmes de sé-lection. Parmi les fourrages annuels, le maïs est la plante la plus cultivée, et c'est sur cette espèce que porte l'essentiel de la recherche en génétique, physiologie et biologie moléculaire. Toutefois, le sorgho, les céréales à paill...

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Section: Genetic Resources Andsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

et al. 2003

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“…The check entries included 71712‐B‐1‐1‐3‐1‐B × LH119, 71712‐B‐1‐1‐3‐1‐B × LH198, and three commercial hybrids Pioneer brand P33A14 (Pioneer Hi‐Bred Intl., Johnston, IA), F657 (Mycogen, Indianapolis, IN), and TMF113 (Mycogen, Indianapolis, IN). Inbred line 71712‐B‐1‐1‐3‐1‐B was an advanced (S 6 +) line related to a series of “lax leaf” families developed from WFISILO C0 that were selected for high stover digestibility and low concentrations of stover NDF and lignin (Falkner et al, 2000). Inbred line 71712‐B‐1‐1‐3‐1‐B will be designated hereafter as “71712”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for Silage Quality in the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic and Related Maize Populations

et al. 2004

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Maize (Zea mays L.) silage is a high‐quality forage for ruminants, but there have been few significant breeding efforts specifically dedicated to improving maize forage yield or quality by breeders in the USA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage yield and quality of the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic (WQS) and related populations developed by the University of Wisconsin Maize Breeding Program for agronomic and nutritional attributes. Three cycles of divergent S1 recurrent selection have been completed for stover fiber, silica, and lignin concentration for populations WFISIHI (Wisconsin‐fiber‐silica‐high) and WFISILO (Wisconsin‐fiber‐silica‐low). The third cycle (C3) of WFISILO was crossed to two high‐quality inbred lines, Mo17 and H99, to create WQS C0, which then underwent two cycles of S2–topcross selection for improved forage yield and quality. All cycles of selection for WFISIHI, WFISILO, and WQS were evaluated for forage yield and quality at two field locations in Wisconsin in 2000 and 2001. Results for WFISIHI and WFISILO demonstrated that S1 selection for stover composition altered both stover and whole‐plant composition in the anticipated directions. Selection for whole‐plant yield and composition of S2–topcrosses was also effective for WQS, especially when using selection indices incorporating whole‐plant yield, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), crude protein (CP), and starch. WQS C2 whole‐plant and stover in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), whole‐plant and stover acid detergent lignin, and milk yield per megagram dry matter (DM) were similar to the brown‐midrib check hybrid, F657. WQS C2 whole‐plant and stover NDFD were lower than F657 but higher than other commercial check hybrids. In addition, WQS population testcrosses improved over cycles of selection for whole‐plant yield and most quality attributes. Our results indicate that it is feasible to develop silage maize germplasm with both high whole‐plant yield and excellent nutritional quality.

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“…Levels of pCA varied among all the grasses analyzed and levels for switchgrass, big bluestem, and little bluestem, all C4 plants, were similar to the C3 plants. It was not clear why corn and sorghum accumulated such high levels of pCA, but levels were consistent with previously published results (Scobbie et al 1993;HatWeld et al 1999b;Falkner et al 2000).…”

Section: Development Of Acyltransferase Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass lignin acylation: p-coumaroyl transferase activity and cell wall characteristics of C3 and C4 grasses

Hatfield

Marita

Frost

et al. 2009

Planta

113

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Grasses are a predominant source of nutritional energy for livestock systems around the world. Grasses with high lignin content have lower energy conversion efficiencies for production of bioenergy either in the form of ethanol or to milk and meat through ruminants. Grass lignins are uniquely acylated with p-coumarates (pCA), resulting from the incorporation of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into the growing lignin polymer within the cell wall matrix. The required acyl-transferase is a soluble enzyme (p-coumaroyl transferase, pCAT) that utilizes p-coumaroyl-CoenzymeA (pCA-CoA) as the activated donor molecule and sinapyl alcohol as the preferred acceptor molecule. Grasses (C3and C4) were evaluated for cell wall characteristics; pCA, lignin, pCAT activity, and neutral sugar composition. All C3 and C4 grasses had measurable pCAT activity, however the pCAT activities did not follow the same pattern as the pCA incorporation into lignin as expected.

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Lax leaf maize: cell wall composition and nutritional value

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

Selection for Silage Quality in the Wisconsin Quality Synthetic and Related Maize Populations

Grass lignin acylation: p-coumaroyl transferase activity and cell wall characteristics of C3 and C4 grasses

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