Law

Reitze, Arnold W.; Reitze, Glenn L.

doi:10.1080/00139157.1973.9928361

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…MTBE was first approved for use in the United States in 1979 as an octane booster to replace tetra-ethyl lead, typically at 1-3 vol % (1). In 1987, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved gasoline blends containing up to 11 vol % MTBE (2,3). MTBE was catapulted to prominence as a consequence of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, in which Congress established unprecedented prescriptions for gasoline formulations to reduce automotive emissions.…”

Section: The Mtbe Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To implement the statute, the EPA conducted a regulatory negotiation ("reg-neg") process that included parties from the auto and oil industries, environmental groups, state and Federal agencies, and ethanol and agricultural interests (2,5,6). An agreement was reached among the parties in August 1991; the final RFG rules were published in 1994, and Phase 1 requirements became effective in 1995 (5,6).…”

Section: The Mtbe Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since nearly all U.S. ethanol is produced from corn fermentation, it is strongly supported by large Midwestern corn growers. Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), which controls about 70% of the domestic ethanol market (2), is an active proponent of oxygenated fuels, especially through the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA). The ethanol industry was actively involved in developing statutory requirements for oxygenated and reformulated fuels in the 1990 Amendments; the support of the farm lobby for the oxygenate provisions was critical to passage of the Amendments.…”

Section: Policy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the 1991 "regneg" process to develop fuel standards was an important departure from conventional, top-down regulatory mechanisms. As the name implies, these meetings were overtly political discussions that explicitly incorporated economic, social, and political tradeoffs into exchanges of scientific information about fuel formulation (2). Fuel oxygenates, especially ethanol-related issues, were key issues during these negotiations, including proposals for an RVP waiver for ethanol and for a renewable-fuel mandate (6).…”

Section: Policy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clearing the Air: Using Scientific Information to Regulate Reformulated Fuels

Franklin

Koshland

Lucas

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The gasoline oxygenate MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) was widely adopted across the United States in the 1990s as a key component of federally mandated oxygenated and reformulated fuels. The regulations implementing statutory mandates for oxygenated fuels were promulgated without a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental or health consequences of using MTBE or other oxygenates in such large quantities. Policymakers only belatedly realized the environmental ramifications of increased levels of MTBE in gasoline, especially groundwater contamination resulting from leaking fuel tanks. The policy process that led to MTBE's predominance was flawed, since no systematic attempt was made a priori to evaluate multimedia implications of MTBE's widespread use. The history of MTBE in the United States illustrates several typical, but problematic, features of environmental policymaking. It reveals how the scale of chemical usage directly impacts actual and perceived environmental effects. It highlights how institutional factors constrain policymakers through statutory mandates, regulatory agency organizational structures, and the strong influence exerted by political-economic actors even in supposedly "technical" debates. Finally, the MTBE case reveals barriers to effective scientific and technical communications among policymakers, regulated industries, special-interest groups, and the public.

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Section: The Mtbe Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mtbe Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clearing the Air: Using Scientific Information to Regulate Reformulated Fuels

Franklin

Koshland

Lucas

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…34:821 "Achieving stabilization will require that growth in primary power consumption come from non-CO 2 emitting sources." 698 These include renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biofuels, 699 as well as nuclear 700 and fossil fuel combustion which includes carbon capture and sequestration. 701 No one technology will provide a "silver bullet" solution to global warming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Power in a Carbon Constrained World

Reitze

2010

SSRN Journal

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Cooperative and Bifunctional Adsorbent‐Catalyst Materials for In‐situ VOCs Capture‐Conversion

Mondal,

Aina,

Rownaghi

et al. 2024

ChemPlusChem

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gases that are emitted into the air from products or processes and are major components of air pollution that significantly deteriorate air pollution and seriously affect human health. Different types of metals, metal oxides, mixed‐metal oxides, polymers, activated carbons, zeolites, MOFs and mixed‐matrixed materials have been developed and used as adsorbent or catalysts for diversified VOC capture, removal, and destruction. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the general classification of VOC removal materials and processes and outline the historical development of bifunctional and cooperative adsorbent‐catalysts for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air. Subsequently, particular attention is devoted to design strategies for cooperative adsorbent‐catalysts, along with detailed discussions on the latest advances on these bifunctional materials, reaction mechanisms, long‐term stability, and regeneration for VOCs removal processes. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for the environmental implementation of these bifunctional and cooperative adsorbent‐catalysts are identified and outlined with the intent of providing insightful guidance on the design and fabrication of more efficient materials and systems for VOCs removal in the future.

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Law

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Clearing the Air: Using Scientific Information to Regulate Reformulated Fuels

Clearing the Air: Using Scientific Information to Regulate Reformulated Fuels

Electric Power in a Carbon Constrained World

Cooperative and Bifunctional Adsorbent‐Catalyst Materials for In‐situ VOCs Capture‐Conversion

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