Lavandulyl Flavanones from Sophora flavescens Protect Mouse Hippocampal Cells against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity via the Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1

Neuroprotective effects of constituents of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus in mouse hippocampal cells

“…In this respect, naturally occurring compounds including phytochemicals that have antioxidant properties against glutamate-induced oxidative damage offer a promising strategy for therapeutic applications. HO-1, an important enzyme that plays a crucial role in cytoprotective response, is regarded to be an adaptive and defensive response system against oxidative insult in a wide variety of cells (Kietzmann et al, 2003;Satoh et al, 2003), including neuronal cells such as HT22 (Rössler et al, 2004;Jeong et al, 2008a). In addition, it has previously been reported that the p38 MAPK pathways play a regulatory role in HO-1 gene expression (Kietzmann et al, 2003).…”

“…Furthermore, among components of the cellular antioxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, plays an important role in the cellular defense system against glutamate-induced oxidative damage in HT22 cells (Coly and Puttfarcken, 1993). As a part of our continuing research to identify medicinal plant substances that can protect HT22 cells Jeong et al, 2008a), we isolated four compounds including one neurocytoprotective compounds from the root barks of D. dasycarpus that showed protective activity against glutamate-induced oxidative cellular damage in HT22 cells. In addition, we demonstrate that one of the isolated compounds, obacunone (4), increases cellular resistance to oxidative injury caused by glutamate-induced cytotoxicity through HO-1 expression via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in HT22 cells.…”

Phenolics

“…45 The flavan (+)-catechin (CS 3.28) shielded dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) and rotenone at a dose of 40 μM. 45 The flavan (+)-catechin (CS 3.28) shielded dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) and rotenone at a dose of 40 μM.…”

A Possible Novel Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism for the Pharmacological Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: Implications for Use as a Therapeutic for Parkinson’s Disease

“…HO-1 is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes oxidative cleavage of the porphyrin ring of the heme molecule leading to the formation of biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron [42]. The beneficial protective effects of HO-1 in inflammation are mediated not only via enzymatic degradation of proinflammatory free heme, but also via production of the antiinflammatory compounds bilirubin and carbon monoxide [43, 44]. Recent reports have suggested that upregulation of HO-1 may have both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [30, 45–47] and that therefore the HO-1 system may be an important therapeutic target for inflammation associated with neurodegeneration.…”