Lava deltas, a key landform in oceanic volcanic islands: El Hierro, Canary Islands

Rodríguez‐González, Alejandro; Fernández-Turiel, José-Luis; Aulinas, M.; Cabrera, M.C.; Prieto-Torrell, Claudia; Guillou, Hervé; Perez-Torrado, Francisco-Jose

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108427

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…It is potentially challenging to compare the geometry shown in Figure 12 to the deltas observed in volcanological settings, because the latter are subject to various additional factors including erosion by wave action and collapse of the unstable lava bench (Mattox & Mangan, 1997; Moore et al., 1973; Rodriguez‐Gonzalez et al., 2022). However, at the very least, the aspect ratio (of lateral to downslope extent) predicted from the similarity solution is consistent with field observations which note that lava deltas can extend significant distances along the shoreline, and become wider than the typical width of the feeding onshore flow (Moore, 1975; Moore et al., 1973; Umino et al., 2006).…”

Section: Three‐dimensional Unconstrained Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively flat ground that a lava delta forms can be an attractive prospect for agricultural or infrastructural development. For example, the town of Tamaduste in El Hierro (Canary Islands) is built upon a lava delta formed during an historic eruption (Rodriguez‐Gonzalez et al., 2022). However, such deltas pose several significant hazards during or shortly following an eruption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a volcanic lava flow enters an ocean or lake, it extends the pre‐eruption shoreline (e.g., see Figure 1), forming a “lava delta” (Bosman et al., 2014; Jones & Nelson, 1970; Rodriguez‐Gonzalez et al., 2022; Soule et al., 2021; Umino et al., 2006). A combination of cooling induced rheological changes and the reduction in gravitational driving forces control the morphology and evolution of the delta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lava Delta Formation: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Experiments

Taylor‐West,

Balmforth,

Hogg

2024

JGR Earth Surface

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We analyze the dynamics of evolving lava‐fed deltas through the use of shallow‐layer mathematical models and analog laboratory experiments. Numerical and asymptotic solutions are calculated for the cases of planar and three‐dimensional flows fed by a point source upstream of the shoreline. We consider several modes of delta formation: a reduction in the driving buoyancy force; an enhanced viscosity of the submerged material; and the production of a granular subaqueous platform, over which a subaerial current can propagate. These modes of delta formation result in different behaviors. Under a steady supply of fluid upstream, the buoyancy‐driven case develops a solution with a steady subaerial delta and a subaqueous current which propagates at a constant speed, while the granular platform model extends the delta indefinitely. We determine a late‐time power‐law relation for the shoreline extent with time in this case. When the viscosity contrast is large, the model with an enhanced subaqueous viscosity is shown to mimic the initial dynamics of the granular platform model, but ultimately reaches a steady shoreline extent at sufficiently late times, as for the buoyancy‐driven model. The distinct behaviors of these models are further illustrated through laboratory experiments, utilizing the gelling reaction of sodium alginate solution in the presence of calcium ions as a novel analog for the abrupt rheological changes that occur when lava makes contact with water. These experiments provide quantitative verification of the buoyancy‐driven model in the absence of the reaction, and demonstrate the effects of a subaqueous platform qualitatively in its presence.

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Section: Three‐dimensional Unconstrained Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lava Delta Formation: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Experiments

Taylor‐West,

Balmforth,

Hogg

2024

JGR Earth Surface

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“…Esta triplicación en el tamaño también se produce en el volumen de materiales estimado para el delta de Jacomar en función de la profundidad máxima estimada en base a datos batimétricos disponibles (c. -35 m; Fig. 12) adoptando una metodología similar a la utilizada en el análisis de deltas de lava holocenos de la isla de El Hierro (Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2022). Aunque las islas más antiguas, como Fuerteventura, poseen plataformas marinas más extensas (> 5 km) que las juveniles (La Palma o El Hierro; < 500 m) estas se desarrollan a una profundidad de entre 100 -120m (Carracedo et al, 2007), que no alcanzó el delta lávico de Jacomar (30-35 m).…”

Section: Pers)unclassified

Análisis Geomorfológico de la Erupción Volcánica de Jacomar, Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias Orientales)

Silva Barroso,

Ramírez Fragiel,

Elez Villar

et al. 2024

CyG

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En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo una cartografía geomorfológica de detalle para el análisis de la erupción del Volcán de Jacomar ubicado en la isla de Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias), con los objetivos fundamentales de determinar la edad y dinámica de la erupción en comparación con erupciones similares más actuales (p. ej. La Palma, 2021). Dicha cartografía se ha realizado en formato digital (SIG) apoyada en trabajo de campo y análisis morfométricos (áreas y volúmenes) sobre modelos digitales del terreno 3D. El estudio realizado ha permitido la localización y caracterización de todas las estructuras geológicas y elementos geomorfológicos resultantes de la erupción (cono de escorias, coladas basálticas, cascadas y deltas lávicos, etc.), así como la falla NNE-SSO implicada en la misma. La cartografía realizada diferencia cuatro fases principales en la erupción, así como sus relaciones con otros elementos geomorfológicos identificados en la zona, como pueden ser, formas erosivas relictas, abanicos aluviales, beach-rocks, etc. Las características morfométricas del delta lávico resultante de la erupción, y su comparación con otros deltas similares en el archipiélago resultantes de erupciones ocurridas durante los últimos 2 ka, indican que la erupción tuvo que tener lugar con un nivel del mar alto similar al actual. La existencia de beach-rocks holocenos adosados al frente de lava deltaico proporciona criterios para establecer una edad reciente para la erupción (~ 6,5 ka BP). La cartografía digital realizada ha permitido la obtención de superficies muy precisas de los materiales eruptivos en Jacomar, así como una estimación preliminar de los volúmenes emitidos. Estos últimos se pueden comparar con los más recientes producidos en La Palma (2021), estimándose una erupción de corta duración (≤ 3 meses). Se trató de una erupción estromboliana monogenética holocena, con un índice de explosividad ≤ 3 IEV, que afectó a un área de unas 500 ha emitiendo un volumen de materiales (conservados) estimado en poco más de 0,1 km3.

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“…Lava is the outpouring of lava during an effusive eruption (Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2022). Lava can flow great distances before cooling (Zorn et al, 2020), causing it to harden.…”

Section: Nagasari Lava (Ngl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Magmatism of Nagasari Volcano Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

Yudiantoro

Haty

Pambudi

et al. 2022

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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Nagasari Volcano, part of the Dieng volcanic complex, is one of the unique volcanoes in Central Java. Around this volcano grow eruption craters, volcanic cones, and pyroclastic flow ridges. There were several 14 eruption centers around Mount Nagasari, so it is necessary to know the development of magmatism evolution. The aims of the research to determine the evolutionary development of magmatism. The methodology used is geological mapping and petrographic analysis. The observations of rocks found in the study area include andesite lava, lapilli-tuff, fallen pyroclastic breccias, and flow pyroclastic breccias. Meanwhile, geological mapping and petrographic observations of volcanic rock samples show that the evolution of magmatism in the study area from the oldest to the youngest is basaltic magma that formed Prau Volcano in the pre-caldera period. On the other hand, magmatism in the post-caldera I period was of the type of pyroxene andesite forming the Gembol to Jimat Volcano group. In contrast, in the post-caldera II period, the hornblende-biotite andesite group formed the Dieng Kulon to Kendil group.

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Lava deltas, a key landform in oceanic volcanic islands: El Hierro, Canary Islands

Cited by 6 publications

References 98 publications

Lava Delta Formation: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Experiments

Lava Delta Formation: Mathematical Modeling and Laboratory Experiments

Análisis Geomorfológico de la Erupción Volcánica de Jacomar, Fuerteventura (Islas Canarias Orientales)

Evolution Magmatism of Nagasari Volcano Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

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