LAV Revisited: Origins of the Early HIV-1 Isolates from Institut Pasteur

Abstract

Two of the first human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) strains isolated were authenticated by reanalyzing original cultured samples stored at the Collection Nationale de Culture des Microorganismes as well as uncultured primary material. Cloned polymerase chain reaction products were used to analyze coding sequences of the V3 loop in the gp120 glycoprotein. The original isolate HIV-1 Bru, formerly called LAV, was derived from patient BRU. HIV-1 Lai was derived from patient LAI and contaminated a HIV-1 Bru culture between 20 July and 3 August 1983. The culture became, in effect, HIV-1 Lai, identifiable by a unique motif in the V3 loop. Because of this contamination two, rather than one, HIV-1 isolates were sent to the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute on 23 September 1983. Original HIV-1 Bru was indeed present in the sample marked JBB/LAV. However the M2T-/B sample harbored HIV-1 Lai, a strain capable of growing on established cell lines. The striking similarity between HIV-1 Lai (formerly LAV-Bru) and HTLV-3B sequences remains.

Identification of type-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to homologous viral proteins in laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1.

“…Sequence analysis of the envelope gene was used to confirm that the subjects were infected with the HIV-1 IIIB strain (16). Although it appears that the IIIB virus may have been derived from the Lai strain (20), there are small sequence differences between molecular clones derived from these strains. Because of these differences, and to highlight the fact that these workers were exposed to the IIIB stock, we will subsequently refer to the infecting strain of virus as HIV-1 IIIB.…”

“…Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the Gag, RT, and Env genes from molecular clones (BH8, BH10, PV22) derived from the HIV-1 IIIB strain were used to express viral antigens on target cells. Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing serial truncations of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (vPE 16,17,18,20,21,22) were constructed from the BH8 molecular clone of HIV-1 (26,27). For the mapping of Env epitopes, we also used vaccinia viruses expressing serial deletions of the HIV-1 BH10 Env (vAbt 271, 299, 294, 295, 296, provided by Dr. Dennis Panicali, Therion Biologics, Cambridge, MA).…”

Infection of Macaca nemestrina brain with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

“…Viable cells were then plated in triplicate at 106 cells/well (24-well tissue culture plates) in 1 ml macrophage medium supplemented with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (1000 U; Cetus Corporation); streptomycin (50 gg); penicillin (50 U); and glutamine (0-3 mg) and incubated for 7 days prior to inoculation, as differentiation after 1 week in culture can increase the susceptibility of blood monocytes to in vitro HIV~I infection (Rich et al, 1992). The stocks of HIV-Ijrt.F~ , a monocyte-tropic strain of HIV-1 (Koyanagi et al, 1987), and the T-cell tropic H IV-1LA~ (Wain-Hobson et al, 1991) were grown and titrated on human PBMCs with a TCID~0 of 104.o (HIVjR Fz) and 108.7 (HIVLA 0. We inoculated human and M. nemestrina monocytes with (a) HIV-1LAI, (b) HIV-1jR Fz, or (c) heat-inactivated (60 °C for 30 min) HIV-lzA ~ (negative control) at an m.o.i, of 0.01/cell.…”

“…We compared the consensus V3 amino acid sequence (Wain-Hobson et al, 1991) of the inoculum strain, HIVLA~, with V3 amino acid sequences from the brain and PBMC clones isolated from macaque 6. The consensus V3 region of HIV-1LAI, the brain clones, and the clones sequenced from the PBMCs obtained 8 weeks after inoculation showed 100 % identity in their amino acid sequence (Fig.…”

Inhibition of HIV-1 and LP-BM5 Replication in Macrophages by Dideoxycytidine and Dideoxycytidine 5′-Triphosphate

“…Human macrophages were infected with a preparation of HIV-1 obtained from the supernatant of infected and productive CEM cells. This HIV-1 isolate, referred to as the HIV-1-LAI strain (Wain-Hobson et al, 1991), was purified by filtration and high-speed centrifugation. Exposure to the virus was for 24 h at 4 ng p24/10 6 cells.…”