Lauric Acid Stimulates Ketone Body Production in the KT-5 Astrocyte Cell Line

Nonaka, Yasunobu; Takagi, Tetsuo; Inai, Makoto; Nishimura, Shuhei; Urashima, Shogo; Honda, Kazumitsu; Aoyama, Toyohiko; Terada, Shin

doi:10.5650/jos.ess16069

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, most of the studies regarding saturated fat rich in MCFA are focused on its metabolic effects such as reduced body fat mass and enhanced insulin sensitivity (Schönfeld & Wojtczak, ; St‐Onge et al, ; Wein et al, ). Only few studies have investigated MCFA role on bone mass and bone remodeling (Doucette et al, ; Kim, Yoon, Kim, & Yoon, ; Nonaka et al, ). There has only been one short‐term that study has evaluated the effect of HFD rich in MCFA on non‐diabetic mouse bone, and it was unchanged after 2 weeks of dietary intervention (Doucette et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fat diet attenuates hyperglycemia, body composition changes, and bone loss in male streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic mice

Carvalho

DeMambro

Guntur

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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There is a growing and alarming prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in type I diabetic patients (T1DM), particularly in adolescence. In general, low bone mass, higher fracture risk, and increased marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are features of diabetic osteopathy in insulin-deficient subjects. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with normal or high bone mass, a greater risk of peripheral fractures, and no change in MAT. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of weight gain on bone turnover in insulin-deficient mice. We evaluated the impact of a 6-week high-fat (HFD) rich in medium chain fatty acids or low-fat diet (LFD) on bone mass and MAT in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model using male C57BL/6J mice at 8 weeks of age. Dietary intervention was initiated after diabetes confirmation. At the endpoint, lower non-fasting glucose levels were observed in diabetic mice fed with high fat diet compared to diabetic mice fed the low fat diet (STZ-LFD). Compared to euglycemic controls, the STZ-LFD had marked polydipsia and polyphagia, as well as reduced lean mass, fat mass, and bone parameters. Interestingly, STZ-HFD mice had higher bone mass, namely less cortical bone loss and more trabecular bone than STZ-LFD. Thus, we found that a HFD, rich in medium chain fatty acids, protects against bone loss in a T1DM mouse model. Whether this may also translate to T1DM patients who are overweight or obese in respect to maintenance of bone mass remains to be determined through longitudinal studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fat diet attenuates hyperglycemia, body composition changes, and bone loss in male streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic mice

Carvalho

DeMambro

Guntur

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…Anaerobic bacterial fermentation of complex polysaccharides yields butyrate, which is absorbed by colonocytes in mammalians for terminal oxidation or ketogenesis (Cherbuy et al, 1995), which may play a role in colonocyte differentiation (Wang et al, 2016). Excluding gut epithelial cells and hepatocytes, HMGCS2 is nearly absent in almost all other mammalian cells, but the prospect of extrahepatic ketogenesis has been raised in tumor cells, astrocytes of the central nervous system, the kidney, pancreatic β cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and even in skeletal muscle (Adijanto et al, 2014; Avogaro et al, 1992; El Azzouny et al, 2016; Grabacka et al, 2016; Kang et al, 2015; Le Foll et al, 2014; Nonaka et al, 2016; Takagi et al, 2016a; Thevenet et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2011). Ectopic HMGCS2 has been observed in tissues that lack net ketogenic capacity (Cook et al, 2016; Wentz et al, 2010), and HMGCS2 exhibits prospective ketogenesis-independent ‘moonlighting’ activities, including within the cell nucleus (Chen et al, 2016; Kostiuk et al, 2010; Meertens et al, 1998).…”

Section: Controversies In Extrahepatic Ketogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics

2017

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Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and organism performance in varying nutrient states, and protect from inflammation and injury in multiple organ systems. Traditionally viewed as metabolic substrates enlisted only in carbohydrate restriction, recent observations underscore the importance of ketone bodies as vital metabolic and signaling mediators when carbohydrates are abundant. Complementing a repertoire of known therapeutic options for diseases of the nervous system, prospective roles for ketone bodies in cancer have arisen, as have intriguing protective roles in heart and liver, opening therapeutic options in obesity-related and cardiovascular disease. Controversies in ketone metabolism and signaling are discussed to reconcile classical dogma with contemporary observations.

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“…MCTs and LCTs corn oil were obtained from The Nisshin OilliO Group Ltd. Tokyo, Japan . The compositions of the diet are presented in Table 1, while Table 2 shows the fatty acid compositions of the test lipids, as measured by gas chromatography 15 . Each group of rats was allowed ad libitum access to the experimental diet, and their food intake and body weight were recorded every second day.…”

Section: Animal Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma total ketone body concentration was measured using a colorimetric assay Autokit Total Ketone Bodies; Wako Pure Chemicals as described previously 15 .…”

Section: Analysis Of Plasma Total Ketone Body Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effects of the Dietary Intake of Medium-chain Triacylglycerols on Immobilization-induced Muscle Atrophy in Rats

et al. 2017

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Lauric Acid Stimulates Ketone Body Production in the KT-5 Astrocyte Cell Line

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

High fat diet attenuates hyperglycemia, body composition changes, and bone loss in male streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic mice

High fat diet attenuates hyperglycemia, body composition changes, and bone loss in male streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic mice

Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics

Preventive Effects of the Dietary Intake of Medium-chain Triacylglycerols on Immobilization-induced Muscle Atrophy in Rats

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