Lauric Acid Accelerates Glycolytic Muscle Fiber Formation through TLR4 Signaling

Wang, Leshan; Luo, Lv; Zhao, Weihua; Yang, Kelin; Shu, Gang; Wang, Songbo; Gao, Ping; Zhu, Xiaotong; Xi, Qianyun; Zhang, Yongliang; Jiang, Qingyan; Wang, Lina

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01753

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Very little is known regarding the specific effect of LA in altering metabolic processes in vivo. For example, a 1% LA supplemented diet promoted glycolytic muscle formation in mice [ 26 ]. In another study, LA supplementation of control diet at 1% promoted the lactation function of mice [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity

Saraswathi

Kumar

Gopal

et al. 2020

Biology

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Coconut oil, rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), in particular, lauric acid (LA), is known to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Although LA is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in coconut oil, the specific role of LA in altering obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of supplementing a high fat (HF) diet with purified LA on obesity-associated metabolic derangements in comparison with palmitic acid (PA), a long-chain saturated fatty acid. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control chow diet (CD) or an HF diet supplemented with 3% LA (HF + LA) or PA (HF + PA) for 12 wk. Markers of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, systemic insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic steatosis, were assessed. The body weight and total fat mass were significantly higher in both HF + LA and HF + PA diet-fed groups compared to CD controls. However, the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in HF + LA-fed mice compared to both CD as well as HF + PA-fed mice. Interestingly, markers of AT inflammation were promoted to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed mice compared to HF + PA-fed mice. Thus, immunohistochemical analysis of VAT showed an increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 staining in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice compared to CD controls. Further, the mRNA levels of macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly higher in HF + PA-fed mice (p < 0.001) whereas these markers were increased to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed group. Of note, the insulin tolerance test revealed that IR was significantly increased only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed group compared to CD controls. While liver triglycerides were increased significantly in both HF + PA and HF + LA-fed mice, liver weight and plasma markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that although both LA and PA increased AT inflammation, systemic IR, and liver injury, the extent of metabolic derangements caused by LA was less compared to PA in the setting of high fat feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects are consistent with a previous report showing that the expression of both GLUT-4 and CPT-1 are increased in myotubes upon LA treatment [ 41 ]. Further, an LA supplemented diet promoted glycolytic muscle formation in mice [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity

Saraswathi

Kumar

Gopal

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…Tlr4 was reported previously as involved in inflammatory responses, mainly in the PI3K/AKT 42 and NF-κB signaling pathways. 43 Tlr4 can also act as a negative regulator to inhibit cell proliferation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. 44 Tlr4 may have a regulatory role in the growth of cancer cells, but a regulatory role in normal cell growth has not been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CircARID1A regulates mouse skeletal muscle regeneration by functioning as a sponge of miR‐6368

Liu

Kong

et al. 2021

FASEB j.

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“…In nutritional factors, capsaicin, apple polyphenols, and carnitine have been reported to influence the skeletal muscle fiber type. , Besides, fatty acids have also been demonstrated to exert physiological and pathophysiological effects on changing skeletal muscle metabolism and function . In the previous studies in our lab, it has been shown that lauric acid can promote the formation of glycolytic fibers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

trans 10, cis 12, but Not cis 9, trans 11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer Enhances Exercise Endurance by Increasing Oxidative Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type via Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling in Mice

Duan

Yin

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been implicated in regulating muscle fiber. However, which isomer elicits this effect and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, male C57BL6/J mice and C2C12 cells were treated with two CLA isomers, and the exercise endurance, skeletal muscle fiber type, and involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling were assessed. The results demonstrated that dietary t10, c12, but not c9, t11-CLA isomer enhanced exercise endurance of mice (from 115.88 ± 11.21 to 130.00 ± 15.84 min, P < 0.05) and promoted the formation of oxidative muscle fiber type of gastrocnemius muscle (from 0.15 ± 0.04 to 0.24 ± 0.05, P < 0.05). Consistently, t10, c12-CLA isomer increased the mRNA expression of oxidative muscle fiber type in C2C12 myotubes (from 1.00 ± 0.08 to 2.65 ± 1.77, P < 0.05). In addition, t10, c12-CLA isomer increased TLR4 signaling expression in skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotubes. More importantly, knockdown of TLR4 eliminated the t10, c12-CLA isomer-induced enhancement of exercise endurance in mice and elevation of oxidative muscle fiber type in C2C12 myotubes and gastrocnemius muscle. Together, these findings showed that t10, c12, but not c9, t11-CLA isomer enhances exercise endurance by increasing oxidative skeletal muscle fiber type via TLR4 signaling.

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Lauric Acid Accelerates Glycolytic Muscle Fiber Formation through TLR4 Signaling

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity

Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity

CircARID1A regulates mouse skeletal muscle regeneration by functioning as a sponge of miR‐6368

trans 10, cis 12, but Not cis 9, trans 11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer Enhances Exercise Endurance by Increasing Oxidative Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type via Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling in Mice

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