Laundry factors influencing methyl parathion removal from contaminated denim fabric

Easley, C. B.; Laughlin, Joan; Gold, Roger E.; Hill, Robert M.

doi:10.1007/bf01605612

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Residues after laundering were markedly lower when the ENC formulation had been used to contaminate the fabric than when EC was the formulation. These findings are congruent with those of previous studies [4][5][6].…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Launderingsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Fabric Parameters and Pesticide Characteristics That Impact on Dermal Exposure of Applicators

Laughlin

Easley

Gold

et al. 1986

Performance of Protective Clothing

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Fabric functional finish and formulation of pesticides are factors that contribute to pesticide wicking, wetting, and penetration. Fluorocarbon soil-repellent finishes inhibit contamination of the fabric and of sentinel pads. An undergarment layer offers better protection than does a single layer. Spun-bonded olefin offers protection of the same magnitude as soil-repellent finishes. Methyl parathion residues after laundering were similar for the unfinished fabric, the durable-press finished fabric, and the soilrepellent finished fabric, but the initial contamination of the soil-repellent finished fabric was only 20% of that of the other two fabrics.

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Section: Effectiveness Of Launderingsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Current research has focused on the problems of penetration of pesticides impelled by air-blast sprayers [ 1,2], particulate matter attraction [2], and the difficulty of pesticide residue (spills) removal by laundering [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric Parameters and Pesticide Characteristics That Impact on Dermal Exposure of Applicators

Laughlin

Easley

Gold

et al. 1986

Performance of Protective Clothing

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“…Although these higher-contact areas averaged 1.2 µg MP/100 cm 2 , 32 times less than the average samples taken from baseboards, they likely represented a dermal exposure route as reported in other OP studies (37,38). Clothing likely represented another major exposure route (35). Most carpet wipe samples had nondetectable levels of MP (<1 µg/100 cm 2 ).…”

Section: Environmental and Urine Datamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…To remove MP residues, residents were instructed to wash clothing 2 or 3 times with liquid detergent and hot water (35,36). Residents were also provided information recommending that all items (excluding clothes and linens) used for babies and small children; drapes/window treatments, rugs, and carpets; children's toys; food products; kitchen wood and plastic utensils; personal products; and any contaminated furniture should to be left in the home to be disposed of by the decontamination crews.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl parathion in residential properties: relocation and decontamination methodology.

Clark

Bing-Canar²,

Renninger³

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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In November 1994 methyl parathion (MP), a restricted agricultural pesticide, was discovered to have been illegally sprayed within hundreds of residences in Lorain County, Ohio. Surface levels and air concentrations of MP revealed detectable levels of the pesticide 3 years after spraying. Because of the high toxicity of MP (lethal dose to 50% of rats tested [LD50] = 15 mg/kg) and long half-life indoors, risk-based relocation and decontamination criteria were created. Relocation criteria were derived based on levels of p-nitrophenol in urine, a metabolic byproduct of MP exposure. In Ohio, concentrations of MP on surfaces and in the air were also used to trigger relocations. The criteria applied in Ohio underwent refinement as cases of MP misuse were found in Mississippi and then in several other states. The MP investigation (1994-1997) was the largest pesticide misuse case in the nation, ultimately involving the sampling of 9,000 residences and the decontamination of 1,000 properties. This article describes the methodology used for relocation of residents and decontamination of properties having MP.

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“…Elevating washing temperature (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Schmidt, 1982;Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Tupy, 1983), using a heavy duty liquid detergent (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Schmidt, 1982) or phosphate detergent (Obendorf & Solbrig, 1986), applying prewash product (Keaschall, Laughlin, & Gold, 1986), including a prerinse in the laundering procedure (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Hill, 1982;Easley et al, 1983), and washing clothing daily (Goodman, Laughlin, & Gold, 1988) have been found to reduce pesticide residues. Elevating washing temperature (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Schmidt, 1982;Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Tupy, 1983), using a heavy duty liquid detergent (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Schmidt, 1982) or phosphate detergent (Obendorf & Solbrig, 1986), applying prewash product (Keaschall, Laughlin, & Gold, 1986), including a prerinse in the laundering procedure (Easley, Laughlin, Gold, & Hill, 1982;Easley et al, 1983), and washing clothing daily (Goodman, Laughlin, & Gold, 1988) have been found to reduce pesticide residues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Hardness, Detergent Type, and Prewash Product Use as Factors Affecting Methyl Parathion Residue Retained in Protective Apparel Fabrics

Laughlin

Gold

1990

Clothing and Textiles Research Journal

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of water hardness, detergent type, and prewash product on methyl parathion residue remaining in fabric after laundering. Measured water hardness had not been included as a variable in earlier studies. Its effect is particularly important as water hardness may interfere with the cleaning effectiveness of the detergent, the detersive action of an anionic product being reduced more than that of a nonionic product. The factorial design included (a) two detergents (nonionic and anionic) (b) a prewash product (laundered with or without) (c) fabric finish (unfinished or repellent finished) and (d) five levels of water hardness (0, 300, 600, 900, and 1200ppm). Unlaundered 8 X 8 cm specimens were spiked with 0.2 ml of methyl parathion. Residue was extracted following laundering and quantity remaining was determined by gas chromatography.The results showed that the repellent finish was effective in limiting methyl parathion absorption. After laundering, residues were greater for a soil-repellent finished fabric than the unfinished fabric even though the initial contamination was lower for the soil-repellent finished fabric. As level of water hardness increased, residue retained increased. The anionic phosphate detergent was less efficient in methyl parathion removal than was heavy duty liquid detergent; however, use of a prewash product before laundering with the anionic detergent resulted in residues on unfinished specimens at levels similar to those for the heavy duty liquid detergent.

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Laundry factors influencing methyl parathion removal from contaminated denim fabric

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Fabric Parameters and Pesticide Characteristics That Impact on Dermal Exposure of Applicators

Fabric Parameters and Pesticide Characteristics That Impact on Dermal Exposure of Applicators

Methyl parathion in residential properties: relocation and decontamination methodology.

Water Hardness, Detergent Type, and Prewash Product Use as Factors Affecting Methyl Parathion Residue Retained in Protective Apparel Fabrics

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